城市常见鸟类对人为干扰的耐受距离研究  

Tolerance distance of common birds to human disturbances in urban areas

作　　者：鲍明霞[1] 杨森[1] 杨阳[1] 周盛[1] 李春林[1,2] BAO Ming-xia;YANG Sen;YANG Yang;ZHOU Sheng;LI Chun-lin(School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601;Anhui Biodiversity Information Center, Hefei 230601, China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230601 [2]安徽省生物物种信息中心,合肥230601

出　　处：《生物学杂志》2019年第1期55-59,共5页Journal of Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31770571);安徽省教育厅自然科学基金(KJ2013A023)

摘　　要：城市化对野生动物产生了显著的影响,研究城市常见鸟类对人为干扰的耐受距离有助于理解其适应城市化的行为策略。于2017年3月至5月在合肥市选取人为干扰程度不同的3块样地,以城市常见鸟类为研究对象,测量其对人为干扰的4种耐受距离(警戒距离、惊飞距离、缓冲距离和安全距离)及环境因子。选择其中样本量较大的6种鸟类,采用一般线性模型及皮尔森相关分析分别检验影响因子的效应及各种耐受距离间的相关性。鸟类的耐受距离具有种间差异性,山斑鸠、珠颈斑鸠、喜鹊、乌鸫、灰喜鹊和麻雀的耐受距离依次变小,同一鸟类的耐受距离随着人为干扰程度的增加而减小。随着群体大小增加,鸟类的警戒距离、惊飞距离变大。距离隐蔽所越近,警戒距离、惊飞距离和安全距离越小,在地面或草地的个体比在树林或灌丛活动的个体安全距离小。受测各种鸟类的4种耐受距离之间存在普遍的正相关关系。研究结果表明:城市常见鸟类可以通过对耐受距离的调整适应强烈的人为干扰。基于研究结果,对城市发展中常见鸟类的管理与保护提出合理建议。Investigating tolerance distance of common birds to human disturbances in urban areas can help to understand how they behaviorally adapt to the increasing urbanization that has significant impacts on wildlife. From March to May 2017, we measured alert distance, flush distance, buffer distance and safety distance of common birds in three sites with different degrees of urbanization in Hefei, China. Human disturbances and other environmental variables were also quantified. General linear model was used to test effects of environmental factors on tolerance distances of six species with large sample size. Pearson correlation analysis was used to test correlations among the four distances of each species. Results indicated that tolerance distances varied among species;oriental turtle dove has the longest tolerance distances, followed by spotted dove, common magpie, common blackbird, azure-winged magpie and Eurasian tree sparrow. Tolerance distances were negatively associated with human disturbances. Alerting distance and flush distance were longer in larger groups. Alerting distance, flush distance and safety distance were shorter when birds were closer to refuges. Birds on the ground appeared to be less tolerant than those in brush or trees. There were positive correlations among the four measured tolerance distances. This study showed that urban birds can modify their tolerance distances to intensive human disturbance in cities. According to our findings, we made suggestions on the management and conservation of common birds in the context of urbanization.

关 键 词：城市鸟类 人为干扰 警戒距离 惊飞距离 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]