不同施肥处理对温室草莓土壤养分动态变化的影响  

Effects of different fertilization treatments on dynamic changes of strawberry soil nutrients in greenhouse

作　　者：付晶晶 周丕生[1] 黄震宇[2] FU Jing-jing;ZHOU Pi-sheng;HUANG Zhen-yu(School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China;School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240 [2]上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（农业科学版）》2019年第1期47-53,共7页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science)

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关应用基础项目[沪农科攻字(2014)第7-2-4号]

摘　　要：通过温室试验,研究不同氮磷钾配比水平下,草莓一个生育期内土壤中pH值、电导率值、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量的动态变化情况。结果表明,土壤中EC值、硝态氮、速效钾、有效磷含量在草莓生育前期大幅下降且生长结束期后各项指标均不同程度的低于幼苗期水平,其中不同配比施肥对生育期前后土壤酸碱性无显著影响(P>0.05);0～20、20～60 cm土层EC值、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均随施肥水平的增加显著升高(P<0.05);但在施肥量水平达到S-F (N 270 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 180 kg/hm^2、K_2O 240 kg/hm^2)时,0～20 cm土层土壤EC值达到1.255 mS/cm,硝态氮含量达到532.5 mg/kg,此水平下造成硝态氮在生长结束期的累积,加大土壤盐渍化的产生风险;综合考虑,施肥水平为S-E (N 180 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 120 kg/hm^2、K_2O 160 kg/hm^2)时,既能满足草莓生长所需的养分,同时可以避免硝态氮的累积,抑制土壤次生盐渍化的产生。The greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the dynamic changes of soil pH value,EC value,nitrate nitrogen,available P and K in different growth stages of strawberry under different N,P and K ratios.The results showed that the EC value,nitrate nitrogen,available P and K decreased sharply in the early stage of strawberry growth,and the contents of all indicators in the seedling stage were all lower than those at the end of growth.Under different ratios of fertilizers,there was no significant effect(P>0.05)on soil acidity and alkalinity before and after strawberry growth.EC value,nitrate nitrogen,available P and K of soil at the depth of 0-20 and 20-60 cm increased significantly(P<0.05)with the increase of fertilization level.But when the amount of fertilizer is too large reaching S-F(N 270 kg/hm^2,P 2 O 5 180 kg/hm^2,K 2 O 240 kg/hm^2),EC value reached 1.255 mS/cm and nitrate nitrogen content reached 532.5 mg/kg.It caused the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and would increase the risk of secondary soil salinization.On the whole,S-E(N 180 kg/hm^2,P 2 O 5 120 kg/hm^2,K 2 O 160 kg/hm^2)can not only meet the needs of strawberry growth,but also avoid the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and thus reduce the salinization of soil.

关 键 词：施肥 土壤养分 次生盐渍化 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S668.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]