汽车零配件手工装配工位人因分析及改善研究  

Research on the Human Factors Analysis and Improvement of Automobile Parts Manual Assembly Work Station

作　　者：孙林辉[1] 吕莹 SUN Lin-hui;LV Ying(School of management,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an,710054)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学管理学院

出　　处：《人类工效学》2019年第1期25-30,共6页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71673220);西安科技大学哲学社会科学繁荣发展计划项目(2014SY01,2017SY12,2018SZ02)

摘　　要：目的为研究汽车零配件手工装配工位中“人-机-环”不协调的工效学问题。方法以LD公司ST25工位为研究对象,运用模特排时法(MOD)和快速上肢评估法(RULA)对作业姿势和工作台进行人因风险识别和评估。结果工人在操作中上肢存在高频率重复性远距离抓取的强迫体位,且下肢伸展受阻,为患肌肉骨骼损伤(WMSDs)的潜在风险部位;工作台无照明是导致工人颈部前倾的关键因素。基于以上分析,重新设计该工位物料供给方式,增加了照明装置和脚踏板。改善后物料抓取距离每班减少144m,下肢不适感明显降低。结论操作台的工效学合理性是汽车零部件生产工人职业健康和工作效率的重要影响因素,该研究策略对同行业在生产工位的工效学改善具有一定的参考意义。Objective In order to investigate the ergonomics problem of incongruous "man-machine-environment" in automobile parts manual assembly work station. Methods Take LD company's ST25 work station as an object in the study,modular arrangement of predetermined time standard(MOD) and rapid upper limb assessment(RULA ) were used to identify and assess the work posture and worktable. Results The research shows that the upper limb has the forced posture,characterized by high frequency,repeatability,long distance to grasp in the assembly,and the hindrance in lower limbs stretch.There are potential risks of WMSDs for body parts.In addition,the worktable without illumination is a key factor leading to neck forward.Based on these analyses,weredesigned the parts supply system,and the illuminating apparatus and footrest were increased.After improvement,the upper limbs work distance was shortened by 144m,which significantly reduced the lower limbs fatigue. Conclusion The rationality of ergonomics of control desk is determinant to the occupational health and work efficiency of automobile parts and assembly production work.This research strategy has certain significance on work station ergonomics improvement in the same industry.

关 键 词：人因工程 职业健康 职业性肌肉骨骼损伤 汽车零配件生产 快速上肢评估(RULA) 模特排时法 

分 类 号：X914[环境科学与工程—安全科学]