长江源曲麻莱段河床沉积物分布特征  

Sediment Distribution in Qumalai Reach in the Source Region of the Changjiang River

作　　者：周森 周银军[1] 王军[3] 闫霞[1] 范北林 温忠辉[2] ZHOU Sen;ZHOU Yin-jun;WANG Jun;YAN Xia;FAN Bei-lin;WEN Zhong-hui(River Department,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Human Resource Development Center,Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院河流研究所,武汉430010 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,南京210098 [3]水利部人才资源开发中心,北京100038

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2019年第3期8-12,共5页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402301);国家自然科学基金项目(91647117;51609015);江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目(SJCX17_0125)

摘　　要：基于长江源通天河曲麻莱河段河床沉积物测量和分析,通过各参数的统计及对比,探讨沉积物粒度的基本特性及时空分布规律。结果表明:取样河段沉积物以沙砾石为主,由跃移质和悬移质成分组成,无滚动沉积,粒度参数和频率分布曲线特征显示长江源曲麻莱段河床沉积物分选较差,自然分布频率曲线多为双峰,是较典型的河流动力沉积物。而阶地沉积物则为多峰,分选差,应为河流与冰川共同作用的结果;同一断面河槽附近沉积物粒径较粗,与水流动力分布一致;洲滩沉积物粒径的垂向分布呈现粗细交替的基本规律,可反映不同历史时期河道水文节律以及青藏高原气候的定性变化。沉积物粒度的垂向分布可以为河流历史形态复原和水力反演提供基本数据。The basic features and spatio-temporal distribution of grain size of sediment in Qumalai reach of the source region of Changjiang River are examined through measurements and comparisons.Research results indicate that:sand and gravel is the dominant sediment in the sampling reach,composing saltation load and suspended load with no rolling sediment.The natural frequency distribution curves are mostly of double peaks,implying that the bed sediment in Qumalai reach is of poor sorting resulting from river hydrodynamics;while the frequency distribution curves of terrace sediment are mostly of multiple peaks,also indicating poor sorting,which may be induced by both river dynamics and glacier dynamics.Sediments in the vicinity of river trough in a same section are coarse,which is consistent with flow dynamics.In addition,the grain size of shoal sediments changes alternately between coarse and fine in vertical direction,which could reflect the hydrological rhythm of rivers in different historical periods and the qualitative change of climate.The distribution of sediments in the vertical direction can supply basic data for river process analysis and hydraulic inversion.

关 键 词：长江源区 曲麻莱 沉积物 粒度参数 河床 

分 类 号：TV14[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]