基于多元数据的城市区域可达性评估模型  

Evaluation model of urban area accessibility based on multivariate data

作　　者：单晓晨[1] 曲海成[1] 刘万军[1] Shan Xiaochen;Qu Haicheng;Liu Wanjun(School of Software, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao Liaoning 125000, China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学软件学院,辽宁葫芦岛125000

出　　处：《计算机应用研究》2019年第4期1015-1021,共7页Application Research of Computers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAH12F00;MK2013008);辽宁省教育厅科学技术研究一般项目(L2015216);第六批生产技术问题创新研究基金资助项目(20160092T)

摘　　要：传统的区域可达性评估模型一般只支持GIS、GPS等单一数据作为可达性的评估依据,无法避免因外界因素的影响对区域可达性造成的评估不准确。针对此问题,以出租车GPS行车数据、时段、天气等多维数据作为区域可达性的评估依据,构建了一种支持多元数据的城市区域可达性评估模型,在此基础上设计了基于多维OD矩阵的多元数据区域可达率计算方法,并将可达率作为区域可达性量化标准以达到提高可达性评估准确性的目的。此外,针对因传统GPS数据清洗方法过于粗糙而导致的有效信息遗漏、数据矫正不准确问题,利用基于统计学理论的序列数据清洗方法,运用出租车GPS数据的速度与加速度信息纠正潜在的误差数据以提高GPS数据的清洗效果。实验证明,利用提出的多元数据城市区域可达性评估模型可达性评价的准确率提高9. 1%～37. 8%,其中计算的区域可达率的准确性较传统方法提高12. 6%～35. 5%,平均旅行时间的准确率提高18. 5%～31. 6%。The traditional regional accessibility assessment model generally only supports the single dimension data of GIS or GPS as the basic data for the assessment of accessibility,so it is impossible to avoid the problem of inaccurate assessment of regional accessibility due to the influence of external factors.Aiming at this problem,this paper constructed a city area accessibi-lity evaluation model to support multivariate data using the multidimensional data such as GPS vehicle traffic data,time and weather as the basis of regional accessibility.On this basis,it designed the calculation model of the region accessibility ratio based on multidimensional OD matrix in this work which was used as the quantitative methods of regional accessibility to achieve the purpose of improving the accuracy of accessibility assessment.In addition,to solve the problem of traditional GPS data cleaning method,such as effective information missing and inaccurate data correction,which was caused by its over-roughness,it applied the serial data cleaning method based on the statistical theory in this model.It considered the speed and acceleration information of the taxi GPS data in this data cleaning method to correct the potential error and to improve the GPS data cleaning effect.Experiment result shows that the accuracy of the regional accessibility calculated by using the proposed multivariate data urban area accessibility assessment model is 9.1%~37.8%higher than that of the traditional methods,and the accuracy of the regional accessibility assessment ratio and travel time are increased by 12.6%~35.5%and 18.5%~31.6%respectively.

关 键 词：GPS 可达性 可达率 轮廓测量法 OD矩阵 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]