工程养护海滩对“803”风暴潮的响应过程研究  

Study on the response process of nourished beach to "803" storm surge

作　　者：朱磊[1,2] 杨燕雄 杨雯[3] 房克照 ZHU Lei;YANG Yan-xiong;YANG Wen;FANG Ke-zhao(The Eighth Geological Brigade,Hebei Geological Prospecting Bureau,Qinhuangdao 066000,China;Hebei Center of Marine Geological Resources Survey,Qinhuangdao 066000,China;Marine Environment Monitoring Central Station of Qinhuangdao,SOA,Qinhuangdao 066000,China;State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 1l6024, China)

机构地区：[1]河北省地矿局第八地质大队,河北秦皇岛066000 [2]河北省海洋地质资源调查中心,河北秦皇岛066000 [3]国家海洋局秦皇岛海洋环境监测中心站,河北秦皇岛066000 [4]大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《海洋通报》2019年第1期102-114,共13页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51579034;51779022)

摘　　要：研究养护海滩对风暴潮的响应过程在人工养滩工程设计与施工中具有重要意义。老龙头养护海滩在竣工半个月后遭遇"803"风暴潮,导致岸滩滩肩最大蚀退6.5 m,沙坝坝顶最大下蚀1.2 m。在现场测量的基础上,利用XBeach建立风暴潮过程的老龙头海滩海床演变模型,研究结果表明:(1) XBeach模拟结果与实际地形变化侵淤趋势一致,风暴潮期间人工沙坝均向岸移动,但模拟结果的侵蚀程度更大,海滩响应更加剧烈;(2)强浪条件下人工沙坝的透射系数为0.29～0.42,常浪条件下透射系数为0.45～0.95,因而人工沙坝在大浪条件下掩护作用更佳;(3)风暴潮期间人工沙坝附近破波显著,坝顶流速明显增大,最大可达1.21 m/s,是无人工沙坝情况下的2.3倍,而在人工沙坝向岸侧,因波能提前耗散,流速减为0.28 m/s,是无人工沙坝时的0.4倍,且没有产生离岸流。老龙头养护工程整体泥沙损失较少,易于恢复。Investigation on the responses of the nourished beach to storm surge is of great importance to the design and construction of the beach nourishment project. Laolongtou Beach, one of the famous tourist sites in Qinhuangdao, suffered from "803" storm surge just half a month after the completion of nourishment, which led to horizontal maximum recession of 6.5 m at berm and height reduce of 1.2 m at sandbar crest. Based on the field measurements, the morphological evolution of Laolongtou Beach under the storm surge is modeled using XBeach model. Compared with the field measurements, the XBeach model predicts the correct locations of deposition and erosion, shoreward moving of the sandbar during the storm, but over-predicts erosive amount. The transmission coefficient of the sandbars is 0.29~0.42 under storm wave condition and 0.45?0.95 under common wave condition, indicating a better shielding effect for large waves. As the storm surge propagates to the sandbars, significant wave breaking is captured with radical increase in the velocity at the sandbar crest with the maximum value of 1.21 m/s which is about 2.3 times the value in natural condition i.e. at same location without the sandbar. The mean velocity at the lee of the sandbars reduces to 0.28m/s, 0.4 times that in natural condition, due to the intensive wave breaking at the sea side of the sandbars. And there is no rip current beside the sandbars. Overall, lost sand is confined within a controlled area, thus the restoration is manageable of the nourishment in Laolongtou Beach.

关 键 词：老龙头 海滩养护 人工沙坝 “803”风暴潮 XBeach 响应过程 

分 类 号：P753[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] TV148[天文地球—海洋科学]