论李秉衡在甲午山东战役中的努力及其战略失误  

Li Bingheng’s Efforts and His Strategic Mistakes in the Battle of Shandong of the First Sino-Japanese War

作　　者：李英全[1] 李辉 LI Yingquan;LI Hui

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2018年第2期235-252,307,308,共20页Journal of Modern Chinese History

摘　　要：学术界对甲午战争山东半岛战役中李秉衡的军事战略问题研究相对较少,对李秉衡的评价也有较大的争议,这些都有重新探讨的必要。本文认为李秉衡在出任山东巡抚的三四个月的时间里,勇敢地担起了海防的历史重任,采取了一些措施,用以加强海防建设,这是值得肯定的。但是,由于思想守旧和所掌握的军事知识不够,在军事战略思想的运用上犯了一些重大错误,不能建立一支强大的游击预备军队,在军事设防上重此忽彼,把主要兵力放在威海西海岸一线的防御,而完全忽略了威海东海岸一线的防御,在海防中犯了致命的严重失误;在得知日敌在荣成登陆后又不能集中主要兵力去阻击和消灭进犯的日敌,在威海保卫战中也没有派出山东省陆军主力去威海协同作战,没有与李鸿章进行有效配合。因此对李秉衡在山东战役中的作用仍需重新评价。The battle of the Shandong peninsula is an important stage in the first Sino-Japanese war, why did the Qing army fail so quickly How did Li Bingheng, the governor of Shandong province, use strategy and tactics in Shandong province Why is the strategic of Japan in Shandong province successful, but Li Bingheng's “detachment defense” strategy is not satisfactory or even ends in failure In his three or four months, Li Bingheng as a governor of Shandong province, this is to be sure that he is brave to take up the historical responsibility of maritime defense and adopt a number of measures to strengthen the coastal defense construction. However, due to ideological conservatism and insufficient military knowledge, he made some major mistakes in the use of military strategic thought. He cannot build a strong guerrilla army, On the defensive of the military, it completely ignores the defense on the east coast of Weihai;The enemy was unable to concentrate the main forces to prevent and destroy the invading enemy on the day of the landing;No effective cooperation with Li Hongzhang. Therefore, the evaluation of Li Bingheng should not be too high.

关 键 词：李秉衡 甲午战争 山东战役 战略失误 

分 类 号：K256.3[历史地理—历史学]