伊朗与国际体系:融入还是对抗?  

Iran and the International System:Integration or Confrontation?

作　　者：金良祥[1] Jin Liangxiang

机构地区：[1]上海国际问题研究院西亚非洲研究中心

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2019年第1期94-113,共20页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：伊斯兰共和国建立以后,伊朗一度将"输出革命"作为外交政策的主要任务,而在遭受挫折后,伊朗不得不将维护伊斯兰政权的生存、安全和合法性作为现实目标。伊朗对国际体系的态度是伊朗实现上述外交目标的重要方面,无论是对抗还是融入,都是为了国内政治需要。伊朗对国际体系的态度变化经历了4个阶段:激进否定体系、积极融入体系、强烈挑战体系以及重启融入体系的阶段。在此期间,伊朗国内始终存在否定西方主导的国际体系的政治势力,对抗体系故而是伊朗外交政策的重要方面。在一些时间段内,伊朗也曾积极主动争取美国等西方国家以及国际体系的政治承认,但并没有得到美国等西方国家的积极回应。在伊朗伊斯兰革命以来40年发展历程中,伊朗一直面临美国等西方国家的政治外交孤立、经济制裁和军事威胁,其程度甚至不断加深。伊朗并未成功融入国际体系,既有其内在逻辑,也有外部因素制约。伊朗融入国际体系的实践表明,行为体与体系的关系是融入还是对抗,不仅取决于行为体自身是否按照体系的要求进行调适,而且取决于体系是否具有足够的多样性和包容性。全球新兴经济体群体性崛起,不断增强的国际体系的多样性和包容性,有利于伊朗融入国际体系。Upon the founding of the Islamic Republic,Iran regarded exporting revolution as its major task,but had to choose the survival,security and legitimacy of the Islamic Republic as reasonable objectives after frustration.Iran ’ s policy toward the international system had always been a major part of its foreign policy.It is both out of domestic politics whether Iran had been confronting against the system or endeavoring to get integrated into the system.Generally speaking,the evolution of Iran’s positions toward the international system since the founding of the Islamic Republic had experienced four stages.Despite the evolution, Iran’s foreign policy had been consistently featured more or less with challenging against the system all through the stages since the strong political factions opposing the international system dominated by the West are always there.Iran did in some stages work hard to get recognized politically by the United States,the West and the international system,but unfortunately had not been reciprocated by the West.Iran had been under political isolation,economic sanctions and military threat all through the forty years since the revolution. Iran’s unsuccessful integration into the international system can be attributed to both its own domestic and international restrictions. Iran’s case indicates that the relations between actors and the system,integration or confrontation,will not only depend on whether the actors will adapt themselves into the system,but also depend on whether the system itself is diversified and inclusive enough.The rising of new economies signifies the changing of international power structure,which will be an opportunity for Iran to get integrated into the system.

关 键 词：伊朗对外关系 国际体系 美国 霍梅尼 拉夫桑贾尼 哈塔米 鲁哈尼 

分 类 号：D837.3[政治法律—政治学]