喷灌和沟灌方式对农田土壤NH_3挥发的影响  

Effects of ammonia volatilization from farmland under sprinkler and furrow irrigation

作　　者：杨洁 焦燕[1] 杨文柱[1] 谷鹏 白曙光[1] 刘立家 于俊霞 YANG Jie;JIAO Yan;YANGWen-zhu;GU Peng;BAI Shu-guang;LIU Li-jia;YU Jun-xia(Chemistry and Environmental Science College,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学化学与环境科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2019年第3期960-968,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41565009;41765010;41675140);2016内蒙古青年创新人才计划;内蒙古师范大学科学研究基金项目(2017ZRYB007)

摘　　要：研究了2016和2017年传统灌溉(沟灌)和节水灌溉(喷灌)方式氨(NH_3)挥发的季节年际动态变化特征及其影响因素.采用通气法进行原位监测,分析了土壤温度、体积含水量、铵态氮(NH_4^+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3^--N)以及气温降水等因素对NH_3挥发的影响.结果表明,NH_3挥发速率的峰值出现在施用氮肥后1～2周,喷灌有效降低NH_3挥发峰值,喷灌和沟灌的NH_3挥发速率峰值在2016年分别为2.67kg/(hm^2·d)和11.11kg/(hm^2·d),2017年分别为2.42kg/(hm^2·d)和11.73kg/(hm^2·d);马铃薯生长季NH_3挥发存在明显的季节变化,挥发高峰主要发生在7～8月,追肥期高于基肥期.2016～2017年农田土壤NH_3累积挥发量均表现为喷灌<沟灌,与沟灌相比,喷灌分别减少58.15%和43.55%.NH_3挥发速率与土壤温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与体积含水量、NH_4^+-N、NO_3^--N浓度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).Seasonal characteristics and influencing factors of ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization from farmland under traditional irrigation (furrow irrigation) and water-saving irrigation (sprinkler irrigation) in 2016 and 2017 were studied. Effects of soil temperature, volumetric water content, ammonium nitrogen (NH 4^+-N), nitrate nitrogen(NO 3^--N), temperature and precipitation on ammonia volatilization were analyzed by in-situ ventilation measurements. The results showed that NH 3 volatilization rate increased up to 1~2 weeks after nitrogen application, with the maximum values of 2.67kg/(hm 2 ·d), 11.11kg/(hm^2 ·d) in 2016 and 2.42kg/(hm^2 ·d), 11.73kg/(hm^2 ·d) in 2017, under furrow irrigation and sprinkler irrigation, respectively. The ammonia volatilization showed obvious seasonal pattern in potato growing season, higher in July-August and higher in top-dressing stage than base fertilizer stage. Accumulative volatilization showed sprinkler irrigation produced less NH 3 than furrow irrigation, compared with furrow irrigation, sprinkler irrigation with a decrease of 58.15% and 43.55% in 2016 and 2017, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between NH 3 volatilization rate and soil temperature (P<0.05), and significant positive correlations with volumetric water content, NH 4^+-N and NO 3^--N concentration (P<0.01).

关 键 词：灌溉方式 NH3挥发 土壤温度 水分 NH4^+-N NO3^--N 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]