页岩气开采钻井固体废物的污染特性  

Pollution characteristics of solid waste in shale gas mining drilling

作　　者：吴娜 聂志强[2] 李开环 孙英杰[1] 蔡洪英[3] 张曼丽[3] 周琼[3] 黄启飞[2] WU Na;NIE Zhi-qiang;LI Kai-huan;SUN Ying-jie;CAI Hong-ying;ZHANG Man-li;ZHOU Qiong;HUANG Qi-fei(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineer, QingdaoUniversity of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Soil andSolid Waste Environmental Research Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;Chongqing Solid Waste Management Center, Chongqing 401147, China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东青岛266033 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室/土壤与固体废物环境研究所,北京100012 [3]重庆市固体废物管理中心,重庆401147

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2019年第3期1094-1100,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2018YSKY-009);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8172048)

摘　　要：选取重庆某地区3个页岩气田作为研究对象,研究了5个钻井平台页岩气开采过程中废水基和油基钻井岩屑中重金属、多环芳烃(PAHs)和石油烃的污染特性.结果表明,两类钻井岩屑中Ba元素平均含量明显高于其他重金属,废水基钻井岩屑的重金属以Zn、Ba、Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb为主,废油基钻井岩屑中的重金属以Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ba、As、Cr为主且Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb平均含量超过《危险废物鉴别标准毒性物质含量鉴别》(GB5085.6-2007)标准限值.废水基和油基钻井岩屑中PAHs的范围分别为1.74～14.8mg/kg和302～595mg/kg,均未超过GB5085.6-2007标准限值.废油基钻井岩屑石油烃含量为112～213g/kg,远超GB5085.6-2007标准限值.同时,废水基和油基钻井岩屑中BaP超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB15618-2018)标准限值;废油基钻井岩屑中部分PAHs(BaP、BbF、BkF、DahA)浓度超过《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB36600-2018)中筛选值,岩屑中石油烃含量远超管制值.Three shale gas fields in Chongqing were selected. The pollution characteristics of heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and petroleum hydrocarbons in wastewater-based and waste oil-based drilling cuttings from the shale gas mining of five drilling platforms were studied. The concentration of Ba in wastewater-based and waste oil-based drilling cuttings was significantly higher than that of other heavy metals. Zn, Ba, Cr, Ni, Cu and Pb were the main heavy metals in the wastewater-based drilling cuttings. While Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ba, As, Cr were the main heavy metals in the waste oil-based drilling cuttings and among which the concentration of Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb exceeded the corresponding limit. The concentration of PAHs in wastewater-based and waste oil-based drilling cuttings were 1.74~14.8mg/kg and 302~595mg/kg, respectively, which did not exceed the limit of the identification standards for hazardous wastes-identification for toxic substance content. The concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbon in waste oil-based drilling cuttings was 112~213g/kg, which was much higher than the limit of the identification standards for hazardous wastes-identification for toxic substance content. At the same time, the concentration of BaP in the wastewater-based and waste oil-based drilling cuttings was higher than the limit of the soil environmental quality-risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land;the concentration of BaP, BbF, BkF and DahA in the waste oil-based drilling cuttings were higher than the screening values of the soil environmental quality-risk control standard for soil contamination of development land and the concentration of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the drilling cuttings were much higher than the intervention values.

关 键 词：页岩气 固体废物 重金属 PAHS 石油烃 污染特性 

分 类 号：X54[环境科学与工程—环境工程]