水稻气力式播量可调排种器设计与参数优化  

Design and parameter optimization of rice pneumatic seeding metering device with adjustable seeding rate

作　　者：邢赫 臧英 王在满[1,2] 罗锡文[1,2] 裴娟[1,2] 何思禹 许鹏 刘顺财 Xing He;Zang Ying;Wang Zaiman;Luo Xiwen;Pei Juan;He Siyu;Xu Peng;Liu Shuncai(Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642, China;College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第4期20-28,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31871529);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD07000704);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-01-41);广东省自然科学基金(S2011010001948)

摘　　要：为了满足杂交水稻播种量不同的要求,该文设计了一种水稻播量可调气力式排种器,对其工作原理进行了分析,对关键部件进行了参数设计,该排种器采用多个相互独立的负压流道对吸种精度进行控制。利用ANSYS-FLUENT有限元流体分析软件对负压流道结构的吸孔负压影响规律进行了分析,优选了最佳流道结构。选取超级杂交稻Y-2优900为试验材料,进行了不同播种量下吸室负压、排种盘转速与排种盘吸孔组数对播种精度的影响试验研究,试验结果表明:当吸孔组数为12、吸种负压为1.6k Pa和排种盘转速为20r/min时,1孔播种达到最佳效果,合格率为82.41%;当吸孔组数为12、吸种负压为1.6k Pa和排种盘转速为40r/min时,2孔播种达到最佳效果,合格率为96.36%;当吸孔组数为12、吸种负压为1.6k Pa和排种盘转速为20r/min时,3孔播种达到最佳效果,合格率为92.79%;当吸孔组数为16、吸种负压为1.2k Pa和排种盘转速为20r/min时,4孔播种达到最佳效果,合格率为91.93%;当吸孔组数为12、吸种负压为1.6 kPa和排种盘转速为30 r/min时,5孔播种达到最佳效果,合格率为87.88%。说明水稻气力式播量可调排种器可满足杂交稻在采用直播式时不同播量的要求,相比于原有的排种器更佳适应水稻的多样性。该研究可为水稻机械化穴直播技术提供了参考。The rice mechanized planting level is low in China. The ordinary hybrid rice and the super hybrid rice of high yield population structure can be formed with only 3-5 and 1-3 seeds per hill, respectively. The pneumatic rice precision direct seeding technique is a combination of machinery and air flow. To meet the cultivation requirements of different varieties and seeding rate of hybrid rice, a rice pneumatic seeding metering device with adjustable seeding rate was designed in this study. The working principle of seed metering device was analyzed. This seed metering device adopted multiple independent negative pressure flow-path to control the accuracy of seed suction. The influence of independent negative pressure flow-path structure on suction hole negative pressure was analyzed by ANSYS-FLUENT software. The key components of seed metering device with adjustable seeding rate were designed. The method of adjusting seeding rate was explained. The super hybrid rice Y-2 You 900 was selected as the test object. The average size of the seed was 8.90 mm× 2.20 mm×1.84 mm (length × width × thickness), and the weight of 1 000 grains was 23.8 g. The seeds were washed by water to remove impurities and blighted grain. The dry seeds were soaked in clear water for 24 h. Then, they were moistened, filtered out and dried. The average moisture content was 24.3%(wet basis) before the test. The whole factor experiments were carried out under different negative pressures, rotational speeds of the suction plates, and group number of suction holes. The results showed that when the negative pressure was 1.6 kPa, the optimal group number of suction holes was 12, and rotational speed of the sucking plate was 20 r/min, the optimal qualified rate of 1 hole was 82.41%;when the negative pressure was 1.6 kPa, the optimal group number of suction holes was 12, and rotational speed of the sucking plate was 40 r/min, the optimal qualified rate of 2 holes was 96.36%;when the negative pressure was 1.6 kPa, the optimal group number of suction ho

关 键 词：机械化 设计 优化 精量播种 播量可调 水稻 气力式 排种器 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]