大中型沼气集中供气系统优化模拟及经济环境效益评估  

Optimization simulation of medium-and large-scale biogas projects and its evaluation of economic and environmental efficiency

作　　者：仲声 牛叔文[1,2] 邱欣 王义鹏 Zhong Sheng;Niu Shuwen;Qiu Xin;Wang Yipeng(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou 730000, China;College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

机构地区：[1]西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第4期232-240,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：兰州大学"一带一路"专项项目(2018ldbryb031)

摘　　要：大中型沼气集中供气系统能够为农村居民集中供应稳定清洁的炊事能源,是中国农村能源发展的方向。该文首先对大中型沼气集中供气系统经济环境效益进行核算,然后根据各系统经济效益内部收益率的大小将原始系统分层。结果显示,原始状态下,系统的环境效益普遍较好且具有规模效应,但经济效益差异较大,体现出规模越大越不经济的状况。以贴现率0.08和原点0为分层点,依据各系统的内部收益率将原始系统分为3层进行优化。根据不同层级系统的规模、效益、条件和优化必要性,从替换发酵罐恒温燃料、配置沼气发电设备为沼气系统供电、建设循环农业系统3个方面灵活选择制定符合不同层级现实需求的优化措施。优化后各系统的综合效益均得到不同程度的提升。系统优化后,一级系统的2个项目经济效益变化不大,环境效益提升显著,分别提升了112.88%和134.43%。二级系统的4个项目在优化后内部收益率都达到或超过了贴现率8%,经济效益由一般升级为良好;同时,环境效益分别提升了88.16%、100.02%、103.22%和109.09%。三级系统的3个项目内部收益率都为负值,属于不具备经济效益的项目,优化之后,其中的2个项目内部收益率已经转正,经济效益由无升级为一般,同时,环境效益分别提升了116.36%、123.92%和101.19%。优化的主要措施是削减运营成本,但现实情况更为复杂,各地应该因地制宜,灵活选择优化措施。大型系统需要在建设时积极参考国家大中型沼气工程建设规划,严格控制成本。At present, with the continuous development of Chinese agricultural industrialization and rural urbanization, the traditional household biogas has been gradually replaced by more efficient medium and large-scale biogas system. Medium and large-scale biogas system can provide biogas as stable and clean cooking energy for rural residents depending on centralized utilization of agricultural organic wastes. It has a good impact on the indoor and outdoor environment in rural areas, and is in line with the requirements of the transformation of China’s rural energy structure. Further, it is a new trend for the development of rural energy in China. In this paper, the cost-benefit analysis method is used to quantify the economic and environmental benefits of these medium and large-scale biogas systems investigated by the author. Then, according to the internal rate of return (IRR) of each original system, these original systems is divided into three levels: the first level system-the better economic benefit (the IRR is greater than the discount rate 0.08), the second level system-the general economic benefit (the IRR is less than the discount rate 0.08, but more than 0), the tertiary level system-poor economic benefits (the IRR is less than 0). After considering the scale, benefits, conditions and the necessity of optimization of different levels of systems, the optimization measures are formulated to meet the needs of reality in different levels. The results show that: 1) The environmental benefit of the original system before optimization is generally good. Among them, carbon emission reduction is the most significant. In order of project scale from large to small (Baishuzhuang community, Nanan community, Tianma community, Shangzhai village, Shiyang village, Lianwang village, Yuepu village, Yezhao village, Xiaoguoyuan village), carbon emission reduction can reach 269 427.94, 230 788.18, 237 299.61, 231 344.26, 103 604.36, 81 050.29, 79 047.68, 90 434.88, 36 584.20 kg per year, respectively. 2) There are great differen

关 键 词：沼气 环境控制 大中型沼气集中供气系统 炊事能源 多层次优化 综合效益 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]