论作为媒介之叙事——谈讲故事之研究的媒介生态学方法  

Notes on Narrative as Medium and a Media Ecology Approach to the Study of Storytelling

作　　者：兰斯.斯特拉特 张云鹏[2] Lance Strate;ZHANG Yun-peng(Department of Communication and Media Studies,Fordham University, New York 10458,America;College of Chinese Language and Literature,Henan University,Kaifeng Henan 475001,China)

机构地区：[1]福德汉姆大学新媒介计划专业研究中心 [2]河南大学文学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第2期126-140,共15页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家高端外国专家项目(GDW20164100040)

摘　　要：讲故事,作为一种独特的人性特征,是人类语言和符号传播能力的一种产物。正如在媒介生态学领域,语言被认为是一种媒介一样,叙事在被理解为一种语言、一种基本社会现象的同时,也被理解为一种传播媒介。作为一种媒介,叙事与其他媒介相互作用,同时又被其他媒介所改变,在经历巨大改变的过程中,叙事通过口传传统、戏剧表演、书面文件以及视听媒介等得以表达。人物和情节在性质上的重大转变伴随着从口头向文字的转变。书写,尤其是印刷,使很多新型叙事的出现成为可能。讲故事通过新媒介的引入继续发生着改变,随之而来的是越来越强调把叙事作为环境,尤其是与社会互动和游戏有关联的叙事。Storytelling,as a distinctively human characteristic,is a product of our capacity for language and symbolic communication.Just as language is considered a medium within the field of media ecology,so too can narrative be understood as a medium of communication,as well as a kind of language,and as a fundamentally social phenomenon.As a medium,narrative interacts with and is modified by other media,undergoing significant change as it is expressed through oral tradition,dramatic performance,written documents,and audiovisual media.In particular,major changes in the nature of character and plot accompany the shift from orality to literacy,and writing and especially printing make possible new forms of tragedy as opposed to comedy,prose as opposed to poetry,and fiction as opposed to nonfiction.Storytelling continues to mutate through the introduction of new media,with increasingly greater emphasis on narrative as an environment,especially one associated with social interaction and gaming.

关 键 词：媒介 媒介生态学 叙事 口头 文字 电子媒介 新媒介 

分 类 号：G206.2[文化科学—传播学]