人工饲养白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti)夏、秋季行为节律研究  

Behavioral rhythms of Elliot's Pheasant(Syrmaticus ellioti) during summer and autumn in captivity

作　　者：赵运林 吴良 李立 王双业 李朝阳 徐正刚 ZHAO Yunlin;WU Liang;LI Li;WANG Shuangye;LI Chaoyang;XU Zhenggang(Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Engineering Research Center for Internet of Animals,Changsha 410004,China;Hunan Wild Animal Rescue and Breeding Center,Changsha 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学林业遥感大数据与生态安全湖南省重点实验室,长沙410004 [2]湖南省动物物联网工程技术研究中心,长沙410000 [3]湖南省野生动物救助繁殖中心,长沙410116

出　　处：《生态科学》2019年第1期50-56,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：湖南省科技计划项目(2016TP1014;2017TP2014;2017TP2006);国家科技支撑项目(2014BAC09B03-02)

摘　　要：白颈长尾雉Syrmaticusellioti是鸡形目Galliformes雉科Phasianidae长尾雉属Syrmaticus珍稀鸟类。为了解笼养白颈长尾雉夏秋季行为节律的特点和变化规律, 2016年6月和10月采用瞬时扫描法对湖南省野生动物救护繁育中心笼养的6只白颈长尾雉行为节律进行观测。将白颈长尾雉的行为分为取食、运动、警戒、静止、清理共5类,包含16种具体行为,对每一种行为进行描述,初步建立白颈长尾雉行为谱。统计各时间段白颈长尾雉行为种数,研究发现白颈长尾雉夏季的行为种类较多且更活跃。游走、站立、休憩、摄食、觅食、理羽和张望等行为在各个时间段有发生。运动和静止行为是人工饲养白颈长尾雉主要行为类型。夏季的警觉行为相较秋季发生频率更高。建议笼养条件下在繁殖期间对雄鸟进行分栏管理,避免雄鸟求偶炫耀争夺配偶打斗受伤,同时雌雄搭配多应以1雄2雌或者1雄3雌搭配为佳;警觉行为在秋季发生的频率较低,秋季白颈长尾雉受威胁情况不多,且不存在求偶、孵卵、育雏等繁殖期行为,只需要保证自身安全即可,非繁殖期共笼饲养是可行的,只需保持合理的密度即可。初步掌握白颈长尾雉夏秋季节的行为习性,时间规律和活动节律,能为笼养白颈长尾雉饲养、野外放归、保护等提供科学参考。Syrmaticus ellioti(Elliot’s Pheasant)belongs to the order Galliformes and family Phasianidae.To understand the behavioral rhythm characteristics of S.ellioti in summer and autumn,a transient scanning method was used to observe the behavioral rhythms of six S.ellioti individuals in the Hunan Wild Animal Rescue and Breeding Center in June and October 2016.Study on the behavior of S.ellioti was divided into feeding,movement,alert,stationary,and cleaning,up to a total of 5 categories,including 16 specific behaviors and a description of each behavior.The results showed that S.ellioti showed more types of behavior and was more active in summer than in autumn.Behavior,such as walking,standing,sitting,feeding,foraging,preening,and looking occurred in summer and autumn.Movement and stationary behavior in the artificially reared S.ellioti were the main behavior types.Alert behavior in summer was more frequent than that in autumn,suggesting that artificially reared S.ellioti should be managed carefully during the breeding period,to avoid fighting injuries from male courtship for spouses,and male and female collocation should be a male and two females or one male and three females;and the low frequency of occurrence in the autumn should be noted.In autumn,limited threatening situations,no courtship,hatching and brooding,and breeding behavior occurred;therefore,it is necessary to only ensure their own safety during this time,and mixed breeding during the non-breeding period is a feasible method to maintain a reasonable density.This study preliminarily illustrated the temporal variation in S.ellioti behavior during summer and autumn,and could provide a scientific reference for the protection and management of the breeding and reintroduction of S.ellioti in the wild.

关 键 词：行为节律 白颈长尾雉 瞬时扫描法 繁殖后期 人工饲养 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]