宁南山区不同玉米生长及产量对密度的响应  

Different Maize Varieties Growth and Yield to Density Response in Southern Mountain Area of Ningxia

作　　者：慕瑞瑞 梁熠[1] 王乐 张晓丽[1] 康建宏[1] MU Rui-rui;LIANG Yi;WANG Le;ZHANG Xiao-li;KANG Jian-hong(College of Agronomy,Ningxia University,Ningsia Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第2期267-272,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31160255);黄土高原旱区增粮增效潜力与提升技术研究(2015BAD22B01);国家自然科学基金资助"基于机器视觉的膜下滴灌青贮玉米长势监测与营养诊断体系构建"项目(31560339)

摘　　要：【目的】为进一步明确宁夏南部黄土高原沟壑区旱地春玉米合理密植增产机理,为干旱半干旱地区玉米高产栽培提供理论与技术支持。【方法】本试验采用随机区组设计的方法,以当地大规模种植的2个玉米品种大丰30和先玉698为试材,设置5个密度梯度,研究种植密度对玉米品种植株的主要农艺性状、干物质积累、产量及产量相关性状等方面的影响。【结果】随着密度的增大,不同玉米品种的植株株高和穗位高逐渐增加。干物质积累随着生育期的推进在逐渐增加,在成熟期2个品种的干物质积累达到了最大值。群体叶面积指数随密度的增大逐渐增加。叶绿素相对含量随着密度的增加呈逐渐下降的趋势。2个品种随着密度的增加穗重、穗粗、行粒数、穗粒重、百粒重、产量等先增加后减小,秃尖率均先减小后增大,2个品种均在6.75万株/hm^2时产量达到最高,比在5.25万株/hm^2时产量增加了73.39%、36.26%。【结论】在本试验条件下,大丰30和先玉698的适宜密度是6.75万株/hm^2。【Objective】This study aimed to further clarify the mechanism of reasonable dense planting and yield increase of spring maize in dryland of the Loess Plateau in southern Ningxia and provide theoretical and technical support for high-yielding cultivation of maize in arid and semi-arid regions.【Method】In this experiment,a randomized block design method was used,two large-scale maize varieties,Dafeng 30 and Xianyu 698 were used as the test materials,and five density gradients were set to study the planting density of the major agronomic traits of the maize cultivars,including traits,dry matter accumulation,yield and yield-related traits,etc.【Result】With the increase of the density,plant height and ear height of different maize varieties gradually increased.Dry matter accumulation gradually increased with the advancement of the growing period,and the dry matter accumulation of the two varieties reached a maximum at the ripening stage.The leaf area index of the population increases gradually with the increase of the density.The relative chlorophyll content gradually decreased with the increase of the density.With the increase of the density,the ear weight,ear diameter,grain number per row,grain weight per ear,grain weight per hectare,yield of the two varieties increased first and then decreased,and the baldness rate decreased first and then increased.Both varieties were at the output of 67 500 plants/hm^2,the highest yield was achieved,which was an increase of 73.39% and 36.26% over the 52 500 plants/hm^2.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment,the suitable density of Dafeng 30 and Xianyu 698 was 67 500 plants/hm^2.

关 键 词：玉米 种植密度 品种 产量 生长发育 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]