语态现象的句法研究——基于轻动词题元特征分解组配假设的最简诠释  

A Minimalist Syntactic Account of the Voice-related Phenomena

作　　者：王和玉[1] WANG He-yu

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学外国语学院

出　　处：《天津外国语大学学报》2019年第2期120-132,F0003,共14页Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University

基　　金：广东省哲社十二五规划项目"语态现象与动词及物性的最简句法诠释"(GD14XWW18)

摘　　要：最简句法将题元角色重析为谓语词项的题元特征,在运算中通过合并名词性成分得以核查。按轻动词题元特征分解组配假设,核心功能语类v带有[u A(gent)]和[u C(ause)]两种无解题元特征,逻辑上有四种特征组配关系,这样既构建了施事agent和致事cause两种外论元的允准机制,也解释了不同谓语结构的及物性差异。普遍语法没有专门的语态范畴,各种语态现象均可通过句法轻动词v上的题元特征进行最简诠释。主动谓语的轻动词v带[u A]特征,生成施动性的谓语结构;中动谓语的轻动词v带[u C]特征,生成致使性的谓语结构;被动谓语的轻动词v缺乏题元特征,生成非及物性谓语结构。与被动谓语不同,主动谓语和中动谓语都具有及物性。所谓的语态标记实际上体现的是谓语及物性差异,由轻动词上的题元特征及其不同组配方式决定。Minimalism reconstructs theta roles as theta features which, like formal features, need to be valued in syntactic derivation. Since a vP could be either agentive or causative, the light verb is reconstructed into binary [uA(gent)] and/or [u(Cause)] theta feature(s) for its syntactic role in establishing the thematic relation. Theta features on the functional light verb are uninterpretable, therefore need to be valued by merging with appropriate NPs. Under this hypothesis, the [uA]-featured verb determines that an active predicate has agent as the external argument, the [uC]-featured verb defines that a middle predicate has cause as the external argument, and the [null-theta]-featured verb decides that a passive predicate has no external argument. There is no voice category in universal grammar. The purported voice markers are morphological reflection of transitivity defined by the theta feature(s) on the light verb. Both active and middle predicates have theta-featured light verb, so that they are constantly transitive, whereas the passive light verb lacks theta features, thus intransitivity of passive predicates.

关 键 词：语态现象 轻动词 题元特征 及物性 

分 类 号：H314.3[语言文字—英语]