试析伊拉克战后重建的制约因素:以国家与社会关系为视角  

An Analysis of the Constraints on Iraq’s Post-war Reconstruction: from the Perspective of the Relationship between the State and Society

作　　者：王丽影[1] Wang Liying

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院

出　　处：《中东研究》2018年第2期52-67,218,共17页Middle East Studies

摘　　要：中东国家的战后重建往往是内外因素相互作用的结果。从国家与社会关系的视角来看,伊拉克在外部力量主导下确立的联邦民主制度与社会关系的不平衡从根本上影响了国家重建进程。本文尝试从国家与社会关系的视角分析伊拉克国家重建中政治制度变革与经济社会发展之间存在的制约关系。通过观察西方国家建构历史不难发现,西方国家民主制度的确立是建立在长期形成的健全政治体系和完善公民社会基础之上的,相对而言,伊拉克的历史演进建立在教派、族群多元化的社会结构基础之上。因此,本文通过分析伊拉克现行的政治制度与该国的历史传统、社会结构、民众文化认同及经济基础等因素与之间的相互关系揭示伊国家重建陷入困境、历经反复的根本原因。Post-war reconstruction of Middle Eastern countries is often the outcome of the interactions of internal and external factors. From the perspective of state and social relations,the imbalance between the federal democratic system established under the leadership of external forces and the social relations in Iraq fundamentally affects the process of national reconstruction. This paper analyzes regime transition was inappropriate for Iraqi socioeconomic conditions in terms of state and nation reconstruction. By observing the history of western countries,it is obvious that the establishment of democratic system in western countries is based on the long-term formed viable political system and modern civil society. Comparatively,the historical transformation of Iraq is based on the social structure of sectarian and ethnic diversity. Therefore,by analyzing the relationship between the current political system of Iraq and its historical tradition,social structure,people’s cultural identity,economic development and other factors,this study reveals the fundamental reasons why the reconstruction of Iraq has been in trouble and undergone twists and setbacks.

关 键 词：政治制度 社会关系 国家重建 族群与教派 

分 类 号：D815.4[政治法律—国际关系]