山核桃二次破壳取仁机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Secondary Shell Breaking Machine for Pecan

作　　者：曹成茂[1] 李正 罗坤 汪天宇 吴正敏[1] 谢承健 CAO Chengmao;LI Zheng;LUO Kun;WANG Tianyu;WU Zhengmin;XIE Chengjian(School of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第3期128-135,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51475002)

摘　　要：针对山核桃一次破壳不理想、损失率高等问题,在分析山核桃物料特性以及破壳时所需各项力学特征参数的基础上,建立了二次破壳机构数学模型,设计了山核桃二次破壳取仁机。样机试验结果表明:当山核桃含水率为14. 55%～16. 35%、直径约22 mm(沿缝合线方向)、离心旋转装置转速410 r/min、离心旋转装置边缘与锥形圆筒碰撞壁间距80 mm、喂料速度200 g/s时,有效破壳率大于等于87. 85%,果仁损伤率小于等于16. 14%,生产率超过500 kg/h,满足当前山核桃加工产业的实际要求。The objective was to improve the quality and effect of shell breaking on pecan after the firsttime breaking.In order to make up for the shortage of the first shell breaking of pecan and ensure the more effective separation of shell and walnut kernel,a secondary shell breaking method based on centrifugal force impact was proposed for pecan with unsatisfactory shell breaking effect,and a secondary shell breaking machine based on centrifugal force was developed.According to the material characteristics of pecan and various mechanical characteristic parameters required for shell breaking,a mathematical model for the design of the secondary shell breaking mechanism was established,and key structural components such as feeding and shell breaking mechanisms were designed in detail,the key parameters were determined,the whole machine model was established,and the sample machine trial production was completed.The experiment of the sample machine showed that when the water content of pecan was 14.55%~16.35%,and the diameter was 18~22 mm(along the seam line direction),the speed of the centrifugal rotating device was 410 r/min,the distance between the edge of centrifugal rotating device and the collision wall of conical cylinder was 80 mm,and the feeding speed was 200 g/s,the effective rate of breakage was larger than 87.85%,the rate of damage to walnut kernel was less than16.14%and the rate of production exceeded 500 kg/h.The accuracy and stability of each sample machine were verified,which met the actual requirements of the current pecan processing industry.

关 键 词：山核桃 二次破壳机 破壳率 核仁损伤率 

分 类 号：S226.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S664.1[农业科学—农业工程]