植物功能性状及其叶经济谱对硬化地表的响应  

Response of Plant Functional Traits and Its Leaf Economics Spectrum to Urban Pavement

作　　者：朱济友[1] 于强[1] 徐程扬[1] 姚姜铭[2] 王戈 崔哲浩 ZHU Jiyou;YU Qiang;XU Chengyang;YAO Jiangming;WANG Ge;CUI Zhehao(College of Forestry,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Forestry,Guangxi University,Nanning 530005,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林学院,北京100083 [2]广西大学林学院,南宁530005

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第3期204-211,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(20140430102)

摘　　要：为探究植物叶功能性状及其叶经济谱对城市硬化地表的响应,以北京市典型绿化树种白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)、国槐(Sophora japonica)和栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)为研究对象,选择城市环境中典型的3种地表类型:自然地表(CK)、透水硬化地表(T1)和不透水硬化地表(T2),测定其地表温度、土壤含水率及植物叶功能性状等指标。结果表明,硬化地表极显著地升高了城市地表温度(P <0. 01),且由大到小表现为T1、T2、CK,而极显著地降低了土壤含水率(P <0. 01),由大到小表现为CK、T2、T1;城市生态环境中,硬化地表对国槐和栾树的影响主要源于高温胁迫,而对白蜡的影响主要源于T2的干旱胁迫; 3个树种叶功能性状间表现出相对一致的生态对策,以适应城市环境的变化,叶绿素含量与比叶面积呈显著正相关(P <0. 05),且分别与叶干物质含量、叶组织密度呈极显著负相关(P <0. 01),叶干物质含量与叶组织密度呈极显著正相关(P <0. 01)。全球叶经济谱也存在于城市生态系统中,且总体上向快速投资收益型一端偏移,城市生态环境中植物通过减小气孔密度和比叶面积、缩小气孔面积、增加叶干物质含量和叶组织密度等策略,来适应城市生态系统中的高温、干旱等特殊生境。因此,在城市绿化植物的选择及配置上,建议根据其生态权衡规律,选择耐高温、耐旱的树种,同时通过增加降温、灌溉,减少生长季修枝等措施来降低不利影响。To understand the adaptation mechanism of plants to the urban ecological environment from the perspective of functional ecology,three common tree species(Fraxinus chinensis,Sophora japonica and Koelreuteria paniculata)planted in three different treatment plots:pervious brick pavement with a permeability coefficient of more than 0.4 mm/s,impervious brick pavement with a permeability coefficient near zero,and non-pavement were selected to understand the effects of pavement on leaf functional characteristics and leaf economics spectrum.The result showed that surface temperature was significantly higher in the pavement treatments than that in the control treatment(P<0.01),with a higher surface temperature noted for the pervious pavement than that for the non-pavement.Soil moisture content was significantly lower in the impervious pavement treatment than that in the pervious pavement and control treatments(P<0.01).Pavement caused heat stress on Sophora japonica and Koelreuteria paniculate,and the impervious pavement caused drought stress on Fraxinus chinensis growth.Leaf functional traits showed relatively consistent ecological countermeasures to adapt to urban environmental changes.Pearson analyses indicated that leaf chlorophyll showed significant positive correlation with specific leaf area(P<0.05),and highly significant negative correlation with leaf dry matter content and leaf tissue density,respectively(P<0.01).Leaf dry matter content showed highly significant negative correlation leaf tissue density(P<0.01).The results indicated that a spectrum of leaf economics also existed in urban pavement environment,and that of the represent species was generally more biased toward the fast investment-return on the leaf economics spectrum.In urban pavement environment,plants would increase leaf dry matter content,leaf tissue density,and reduce stomatal area,stomatal density,and specific leaf area to adapt to special habitats at high temperature and drought stress.Thus,it was necessary to select heat and drought tolerant tr

关 键 词：叶功能性状 叶经济谱 硬化地表 生态对策 

分 类 号：S161.1[农业科学—农业气象学] S725.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]