施硒方式对油菜生长和籽粒硒、镉、铅含量的影响  

Effects of Selenium Application Methods on the Growth and the Seed Selenium,Cadmium and Lead Contents in Rape

作　　者：陈火云 谢义梅 周灵 杜斌[1,2] 陈卉 邢丹英 CHEN Huoyun;XIE Yimei;ZHOU Ling;DU Bin;CHEN Hui;XING Danying(Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry,Jingzhou434025,China;National Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Selenium Rich Products,Enshi 445000,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学,湖北荆州434025 [2]主要粮食作物产业化湖北省协同创新中心,湖北荆州434025 [3]国家硒产品质量监督检验中心,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2019年第3期49-54,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省富硒产业研究院项目(XKJ-201501-18)

摘　　要：为确定油菜适宜的施硒方式和筛选具备富硒低镉或低铅能力的优势油菜品种,在大田条件下采用播前底施活化硒矿粉(XK)、始花期叶面喷施硒叶面肥(XY)、播前底施活化硒矿粉+始花期追施硒叶面肥(XKY)对6个油菜品种进行处理,研究了不同施硒方式对油菜生长、产量以及籽粒硒、镉、铅含量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,XY、XKY处理油菜株高、茎粗、叶片SPAD值、产量增加。其中,产量分别增加3.88%、2.17%;施用硒叶面肥第21天,XY、XKY处理叶片SPAD值分别较CK和XK处理提高9.86%、7.38%和8.42%、5.97%。与CK相比,XK、XY、XKY处理油菜籽粒硒含量分别显著增加61.64%、253.42%、289.04%,籽粒镉含量分别降低9.24%、5.88%、12.61%,但籽粒铅累积量变化较小;楚油杂79在3种硒肥处理下的平均籽粒硒含量较CK增加182.40%,平均籽粒镉含量降低10.64%。综上,3种施硒方式中,XKY处理提高油菜籽粒硒含量且降低籽粒镉含量效果最佳,可应用于油菜富硒生产;在XY和XKY处理下,楚油杂79籽粒能较好地吸收硒肥且镉积累量较低,是具备富硒低镉潜力的优势良种。To find out more suitable Se-fertilizer application methods and better varieties which are higher in selenium accumulation and lower in cadmium or lead accumulation for rapeseed,six rapeseed varieties were treated as follows:Activated selenium ore powders applied as basal fertilizer before sowing(XK),foliage Se-fertilizer applied at early-blooming stage(XY)and XK+XY(XKY).And the effect of selenium application methods on growth,yield and seed selenium,cadmium and lead concentration of different rapeseed were studied.The results showed that plant height,stem diameter,SPAD value and yield were significantly increased under XY,XKY treatment compared to CK,and yield increased by 3.88%and 2.17%.Compared to CK and XK treatment,the SPAD value of XY,XKY treatment were increased by 9.86%,7.38%and 8.42%,5.97%respectively at the 21 days after foliage Se-fertilizer treatment.Moreover,selenium concentration in seeds under the treatment of XK,XY and XKY were 61.64%,253.42%and 289.04%higher respectively while cadmium contents were 9.24%,5.88%and 12.61%lower than CK respectively,and lead levels were just close to CK.Last but not the least,the average selenium concentration in seeds of Chuyouza79 was 182.40%higher and the cadmium concentration was 10.64%lower than CK.Therefore,XKY treatment was chosen as the efficient way to fortify selenium accumulation in rapeseed among the three methods,and Chuyouza79 was chosen as the potential advantageous rapeseed variety for its ability of higher selenium and lower cadmium accumulation under XY and XKY treatments.

关 键 词：油菜 硒 硒肥 SPAD值 镉 铅 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]