刚竹属8种笋用竹种鲜竹笋营养成分分析  

Nutrient Components in Fresh Bamboo Shoots of Eight Phyllostachys Species

作　　者：李冬林[1] 孙戴妍 孙威 于成景 LI Dong-lin;SUN Dai-yan;SUN Wei;YU Cheng-jing(Forestry Academy of Jiangsu,Nanjing 211153,Jiangsu,China;Nanjing Pearl Spring Garden Construction Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211805,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省林业科学研究院,江苏南京211153 [2]南京珍珠泉园林建设有限公司,江苏南京211805

出　　处：《竹子学报》2018年第4期14-19,共6页Journal of Bamboo Research

基　　金：江苏省林业科技创新与推广项目(LYKJ[2017]33);南京市绿化园林局科技计划项目(YLKJ201801ZD)

摘　　要：采用最新的国际标准方法测定了刚竹属8种笋用竹种鲜竹笋蛋白质、粗纤维、还原糖、灰分等主要营养成分和氨基酸含量。结果表明,8种笋用竹种竹笋还原糖含量普遍为1.20～1.50 g·100 g^(-1),蛋白质含量为2.65～3.62 g·100 g^(-1)。以白哺鸡竹笋和红哺鸡竹还原糖含量较高,还原糖含量在1.40 g·100 g^(-1)以上;毛竹和花哺鸡竹为2种高蛋白竹种,蛋白质含量分别为3.62 g·100 g^(-1)和3.61 g·100 g^(-1)。红哺鸡竹口感较优,且粗纤维、灰分含量不高,是食用佳品。8种笋用竹种竹笋中氨基酸种类齐全,除了色氨酸外,16种常见的氨基酸均被检出,氨基酸总量(T)均高于大白菜、蒜苗、韭菜、芫荽、空心菜等常见蔬菜。白哺鸡竹竹笋和黄秆乌哺鸡竹竹笋的人体必需氨基酸(E)含量较高,E/T分别为37.704、36.029,超过了一般的蔬菜。甜竹、毛竹和高节竹竹笋中儿童必需氨基酸含量(CE)均在0.191 g·100 g^(-1)以上。The contents of protein,crude fiber,reducing sugar,ash and other main nutritive components and amino acids content in the fresh bamboo shoots of eight Phyllostachys species were determined by the latest international standard method.The results showed that their reducing sugar contents were 1.20~1.50 g·100 g^-1,and their protein contents varied from 2.65 to 3.62 g 100g^-1.The contents of reducing sugar in the bamboo shoots of Ph.dulcis and Ph.iridescens were higher,being than 1.40 g·100 g^-1.The protein contents of bamboo shoots of Ph.edulis and Ph.glabrata were the highest,amounting to 3.62 and 3.61 g·100 g^-1 respectively.The bamboo shoots of Ph.iridescens tasted better,and their coarse fiber,ash content were low,so it is a delicacy for food.The amino acids in the eight species of bamboo shoots were quite rich,in addition to the tryptophan,16 common amino acids were detected,and their total amino acid content(T)were higher than that of chinese cabbage,garlic seedling,leek,coriander,water spinach and other common vegetables.Especially,the contents of essential amino acids(E)in the bamboo shoots of Ph.dulcis and Ph.vivax‘aureocaulis’were higher than those of common vegetables,and the E/T were 37.704 and 36.029,respectively.The content of essential amino acids for children(CE)in the bamboo shoots of both Ph.Flexuosa and Ph.Prominens were above 0.191 g·100 g^-1.

关 键 词：刚竹属 笋用竹 蛋白质 还原糖 粗纤维 灰分 氨基酸 

分 类 号：TS255.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]