中国南方碳酸盐岩发育土壤的成土特点与系统分类  

Pedogenetic characteristics and taxonomic classification of soils developed from carbonate rocks in the south of China

作　　者：章明奎[1] 姚玉才[1] 邱志腾[1] 毛霞丽 杨良觎 ZHANG Mingkui;YAO Yucai;QIU Zhiteng;MAO Xiali;YANG Liangyu(College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2019年第1期54-65,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41571207);国家科技基础性工作专项(2008FY110600;2014FY110200)

摘　　要：中国南方是世界上碳酸盐岩分布面积最集中的区域之一,对这一类特殊地质体上发育土壤的性状、分类及开发利用的研究一直受到人们的重视,但至今对这些土壤的成土特点、理化性状的空间分布规律及土壤类型的定量划分仍存在不足。本文对贵州、广西、云南、浙江、江西、福建等省(自治区)的代表性碳酸盐岩发育土壤进行了调查、采样分析,对其成土特点和分类进行了探讨。结果表明:碳酸盐岩发育土壤在空间上具较大的异质性,其土体厚度、风化程度、理化性质和土壤类型可在较小空间内发生较大的变化。土体厚度和土壤质地主要受碳酸盐岩产状、岩性与分布区地貌等的影响;岩性、岩溶地貌和气候条件也制约着土壤发育程度及剖面构型,并影响着土壤类型的分化。碳酸盐岩发育土壤的颜色主要与其氧化铁的含量、形态和有机质积累有关,并受土壤湿度和地形等的控制,颜色可在一定程度上反映土壤风化的差异。研究认为,碳酸盐岩上深厚黑色土体的形成与低凹地形有关,是长期反复接受周围岩石的风化物质或周围土壤的表土物质堆积的结果。第2次土壤普查对碳酸盐岩发育土壤的划分过于简单,难以全面反映土壤类型之间的差别。根据中国土壤系统分类的诊断标准,可把中国南方碳酸盐岩发育土壤划分为富铁土、均腐土、淋溶土、雏形土和新成土等5个土纲,下分8个亚纲、15个土类和25个亚类。South China is one of the most concentrated areas of carbonate rock distribution in the world.The researches on the characteristics,classification and utilization of the soil developed on this special geological body have been paid much attention by scientists.But to date,knowledge about the characteristics,the spatial distribution of physical and chemical properties and quantitative classification of the soils are still insufficient.In this paper,the representative soils developed from carbonate rocks in Guizhou,Guangxi,Yunnan,Zhejiang,Jiangxi and Fujian provinces(municipality)were investigated and characterized,and their pedogenetic characteristics and classification were discussed.The results showed that there were great spatial heterogeneities in properties and types of the soils developed from carbonate rocks,and the thickness,weathering degree,physical and chemical properties and soil types could be changed greatly in a small space.The soil thickness and texture were mainly influenced by the formation and lithology of carbonate rocks,and geomorphology.The lithology,Karst geomorphology and climatic conditions simultaneously restricted the degree of soil development and the configuration of soil profiles,and thus affected the differentiation of soil types.The color of the soils developed in carbonate rocks was mainly related to the content,minerals of iron oxide and organic matter accumulation,and affected by soil moisture and topographic conditions.Color could reflect the difference of soil weathering to a certain extent.It was suggested that formation of black soil with high accumulation of organic matter from the carbonate rocks was associated with low-lying terrain,and it was the result of the repeated accumulation of the surface material of the weathered material of the surrounding rock or the surrounding soil for a long time.Soil genetic classification for the second national soil survey was too simple to divide the soils developed from carbonate rocks,and it was difficult to fully reflect the differenc

关 键 词：碳酸盐岩 有机质积累 颜色 土壤发育 诊断分类 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学] S155[农业科学—农业基础科学]