荒漠植物功能性状及其多样性对土壤水盐变化的响应  

Responses of plant functional trait and diversity to soil water and salinity changes in desert ecosystem

作　　者：张雪妮[1,2] 李岩[1,2] 何学敏[1,2] 杨晓东[1,3] 吕光辉[1,2] ZHANG Xueni;LI Yan;HE Xuemin;YANG Xiaodong;LU Guanghui(Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Education Ministry, Urumqi 830046, China;Institute of Arid Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;College of Resources and Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China)

机构地区：[1]绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆大学干旱生态环境研究所,乌鲁木齐830046 [3]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《生态学报》2019年第5期1541-1550,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划青年教师科研启动基金(XJEDU2016S026);国家自然科学基金项目(31700354;31560131)

摘　　要：植物功能性状及其多样性对环境变化的响应研究有助于揭示极端环境下植物适应策略和群落构建机制。通过实地调查和实验分析,研究艾比湖荒漠植物形态、生理和化学等8个功能性状的特征,并从多维性状和一维性状角度揭示功能多样性对土壤水分和盐分变化的响应规律。结果表明:高水盐环境下(SW1),(1)群落加权株高、叶绿素含量(SPAD)及叶片碳(C)和钙(Ca)含量显著高于低水盐环境,叶片氮(N)、磷(P)、硫(S)含量在不同水盐环境间无显著差异。(2)SW1环境下,沿乔木-小乔木-灌木-草本层次,上层生活型植物性状值普遍高于下层植物,其中灌木叶片仅N、钾(K)含量显著高于草本;沿该生活型层次植物性状呈趋同变化。(3)低水盐环境下(SW2),乔木叶片性状差异特征与SW1相似;小乔木叶片C、N含量分别显著高于和低于灌木及草本;相比于草本,灌木SPAD、S含量显著高,K含量显著低,株高、C、N、P含量差异不显著;SW2环境下各生活型植物性状呈趋同变化。(4)SW1环境下多维功能丰富度、功能离散度显著高于SW2环境,但均匀度无显著差异。(5)一维功能均匀度在不同水盐环境间均无显著差异,但化学性状的均匀度总体高于植物株高;高水盐环境下叶片N、S和Ca的功能分异指数显著高于低水盐环境。研究为掌握胁迫环境下的植物适应策略和荒漠植被恢复提供参考。Exploring the response of plant functional trait to environmental variations is essential to elucidate the adaptation mechanism and community assembly of desert plants under extreme environmental conditions, and more importantly to formulate strategies to protect and restore desert ecosystem. However, previous studies are mostly large scale, and only a few studies have focused on the effects of soil water and salinity on desert plant functional trait and diversity at fine scale. It is known that, even at fine scales, environmental variables (e.g., soil variables) can actually be heterogeneous and affect plant. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to analyze (1) how morphological, physiological, and chemical functional traits of desert plant, and functional richness, evenness, and dispersion indexes respond to varied soil water and salinity and (2) what community assembly process did functional diversity revealed in different soil water and salinity environment? Three transects were set at 5-km intervals perpendicular to the northern bank of the Aqikesu River in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve (ELWNR). At each transect, the soil gradually changed from saline to sandy soil with the increase in distance from the river. Ten to twelve plots (10×10 m2) were set at an interval of 500 m in each transect. A total of 32 plots were set across the three transects. The geographic data (longitude, latitude, and altitude), number of species, plant abundance (number of individuals of each species), and height of each individual sampled in each plot were recorded. The chlorophyll content (SPAD) was measured by SPAD502, and soil volumetric water content (SVWC) at a depth of 12 cm was measured by time domain reflectometry before sampling. The leaf and soil samples were then collected for further investigation. Based on the investigation and analysis, responses of one morphological (height), one physiological (SPAD) and six chemical functional traits (leaf carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), potassium

关 键 词：化学性状 功能多样性 土壤水盐 荒漠植物 艾比湖 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]