氮肥配施生化抑制剂组合对黄泥田土壤氮素淋溶特征的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilization combined with biochemical inhibitors on leaching characteristics of soil nitrogen in yellow clayey soil

作　　者：周旋 吴良欢[2,3] 董春华[1] 贾磊[4] ZHOU Xuan;WU Lianghuan;DONG Chunhua;JIA Lei(Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;Agricultural Information Institute of Science and Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [2]教育部环境修复与生态健康重点实验室/浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058 [3]浙江省农业资源与环境重点实验室/浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058 [4]上海市农业科学院农业科技信息研究所,上海201403

出　　处：《生态学报》2019年第5期1804-1814,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD23B03);苕溪流域农村污染治理技术集成与规模化工程示范(2014ZX07101-012);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB150502);浙江省"三农六方"科研协作计划项目

摘　　要：揭示尿素类肥料添加生化抑制剂组合后,在黄泥田土壤中硝态氮(NO^-_3-N)和铵态氮(NH^+_4-N)的淋溶损失规律。采用室内土柱淋溶培养试验,研究脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)和硝化抑制剂2-氯-6-(三氯甲基)吡啶(CP)单独添加及配合施用对尿素和尿素硝铵(300 kg N/hm^2)中氮(N)素在土体中淋溶损失的影响。结果表明:尿素和尿素硝铵处理淋溶液中NH^+_4-N和NO^-_3-N浓度均呈先升后降的变化趋势,而出峰时间不一。NH^+_4-N和NO^-_3-N淋失量随着时间的延长,处理间差异逐渐变大。NBPT处理可以减缓尿素水解,有效抑制NH^+_4-N生成,延缓其出峰时间,减少NH^+_4-N流失;CP处理可以有效抑制NH^+_4-N向NO^-_3-N转化,减少NO^-_3-N流失。与单独添加NBPT和CP处理相比,两者配施对N素淋溶损失有明显的协同抑制效果在黄泥田土壤中,既能减缓尿素水解,保持土壤中较高NH^+_4-N含量,又能降低淋溶液中NO^-_3-N浓度。培养结束时(第72天),UAN处理中NO^-_3-N、NH^+_4-N、矿质态N淋失总量及硝化率较U处理高34.39%、5.32%、31.72%和15.71%。U+NBPT、U+CP和U+NBPT+CP处理较U处理分别显著降低NO^-_3-N淋失总量达15.58%、114.77%和73.45%;UAN+NBPT、UAN+CP和UAN+NBPT+CP处理较UAN处理分别显著降低达15.88%、54.87%和37.46%。不同处理NO^-_3-N淋失总量大小表现为:UAN> UAN+NBPT> U> UAN+NBPT+CP> U+NBPT> UAN+CP> U+NBPT+CP> U+CP> CK。在一定施肥量条件下,NBPT和CP单独施用或配施均可降低黄泥田土壤中NO^-_3-N累积淋失量。对各处理淋溶液中NO^-_3-N淋失量(y)随时间(x)的变化进行拟合,其中以线性方程(y=ax+b)的拟合度较高,且各抑制剂处理a、b值均存在明显差异。总体认为,在黄泥田土壤中施用CP及其与NBPT配施可以显著降低土壤NO^-_3-N淋溶损失,减少N素淋失风险,提高肥料利用率。The objective of this study was to determine the effects of combined biochemical inhibitors on the transformation and leaching loss of NO3^--N and NH4^+-N from urea-based fertilizer in yellow clayey soil. A soil column leaching experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to observe nitrogen (N) transformation and leaching loss following the application of urea and UAN (300 kg N/hm2) with a urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), a nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl) pyridine (CP), or both. The results showed that the contents of NH4^+-N and NO3^--N from the leacheate of urea and UAN both rose first and then fell with different peak times. The differences in the leaching loss of NH4^+-N and NO3^--N across treatments increased over time. NBPT can slow urea hydrolysis, and effectively inhibit the generation of NH4^+-N to retard the peak time and reduce NH4^+-N loss. CP can effectively inhibit the transformation of NH4^+-N to NO3^--N to reduce NO3^--N loss. Compared with the application of NBPT and CP alone, their combination exhibited a synergistic inhibition effect on N leaching loss in yellow clayey soil, namely not only did it slow down urea hydrolysis and maintain high NH4^+-N content in the soil, but it also reduced NO3^--N content in the leacheate. At the end of the incubaton (72 days), the leaching loss of NO3^--N, NH4^+-N, and mineral N, and nitrification rate from UAN treatment were higher than those from the U treatment by 34.39%, 5.32%, 31.72%, and 15.71%, repectively. Compared with the U treatment, U+NBPT, U+CP, and U+NBPT+CP treatments significantly reduced the leaching loss of NO3^--N by 15.58%, 114.77%, and 73.45%, respectively. Compared with UAN treatment, UAN+NBPT, UAN+CP, and UAN+NBPT+CP treatments significantly reduced leaching loss by 15.88%, 54.87%, and 37.46%, respectively. The leaching loss of NO3^--N from different treatments ranked UAN > UAN+NBPT > U > UAN+NBPT+CP > U+NBPT > UAN+CP > U+NBPT+CP > U+CP > CK. Within a certain range of fertilizer rate, adding N

关 键 词：黄泥田 尿素 尿素硝铵 脲酶抑制剂 硝化抑制剂 硝酸盐 淋溶损失 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]