知识产权法与反不正当竞争法一般条款的关系——以图式的认知经济性为分析视角  

Relationship Between Intellectual Property Laws and the General Clause in Countering Unfair Competition Law

作　　者：蒋舸[1] JIANG Ge

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2019年第2期118-136,共19页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：社科基金项目"创新社会化趋势对知识产权法的挑战及应对研究"(17BFX113)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在非典型信息成果和非传统利用方式大量出现的背景下,正确认识著作权法、专利法、商标法等具体知识产权部门法和以反不正当竞争法一般条款为代表的兜底规范之间的关系,具有重大意义。兜底规范被频繁用于调整新型创新活动的现象引发了顾虑,但停留在本体论层面的研究并不能为纠偏提供完善的指引。激励创新是高度复杂的认知任务,其完成离不开认识论层面的分析。具体知识产权部门法代表高效的图式化认知,能为解决细分创新领域的认知难题提供结构化经验,大幅提升认知效率。兜底规范则代表迫不得已的非图式化认知,所提供的经验在数量和质量方面都无法与具体知识产权部门法媲美。创新规则体系的发展方向是在谨慎对待信息产权扩张的前提下充分利用和发展图式,而非放任兜底规范的滥用。Despite decades of discussion regarding the relationship between intellectual property("IP")laws and the"catch-all"general clause,a proper understanding doesn't seem to have been obtained by Chinese courts.When facing newly emerged types of innovation problems,Chinese courts keep rejecting the application of IP rules,notably copyright and trademark rules.They prefer to rely on a general clause to address such problems.This troublesome practice is the result of the conventional way of looking at the relationship between IP laws and the general clause,which defines the relationship according to"what"a rule regulates.A new and useful way is to ask"how"instead of"what"a rule regulates.To give proper incentive to innovation is a highly demanding task.It goes far beyond the cognitive capacity of any court if asked to make a decision without any guidance.This problem is solved by the cognitive schemata provided by IP laws.Each module of intellectual property law provides a valuable cognitive scheme and thus substantially reducing the information cost required to arrive at the correct answer.On the opposite side,the general clause provides much less structured knowledge to the courts.Therefore,how the two approaches arrive at the same destination should not be ignored.To make full and sometimes flexible use of IP rules is required by the efficiency of the legal system of innovation.

关 键 词：知识产权 反不正当竞争 兜底规范 图式 认知心理学 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学] D922.294[政治法律—法学]