论职责违反型代理权滥用——以《民法总则》第164条第1款的解释为中心  

On the Breach-of-duty-type Abuse of Agency Power: A Discussion Centered on the Interpretation of Paragraph 1 Article 164 of the General Provisions of the Civil Law

作　　者：胡东海[1] Hu Donghai

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2019年第2期117-131,共15页Global Law Review

基　　金：作者主持的2017年度国家社会科学基金青年项目"侵权责任法中举证规则立法研究"(17CFX025)的研究成果

摘　　要：我国《民法总则》规定的四种代理权滥用,均属代理行为未超越代理权限却违背被代理人利益的情形。根据授权行为与基础关系相分离的原理,代理关系层面的代理权滥用与基础关系层面的义务违反,具有不同的构成要件和法律效果。《民法总则》第164条第1款调整职责违反型代理权滥用,它包括代理人违反职责和相对人非善意两项要件。其中,代理人职责是基础关系中的义务拘束;相对人非善意系指相对人明知代理人违反职责,或者代理人违反职责对相对人显而易见。职责违反型代理权滥用的法律效果是,代理人丧失代理权,代理行为效力待定;有过错的代理人依《民法总则》第171条第4款,向相对人承担侵权责任;如果相对人亦有过错,则适用过错相抵规则。与职责违反型代理权滥用相同,恶意串通型、自己代理型和双方代理型代理权滥用,也将产生无权代理的法律效果。在相同法效果的意义上,代理权滥用概念具有统一性。The four kinds of abuse of the agency power provided for in the General Provisions of the Civil Law all belong to the case that the juridical act is performed within the power,but deviates from the principal's interests.According to the theory that the agency power is separated from the basic legal relationship,the abuse of agency power in the agency relationship and the violation of obligation in the basic legal relationship have different constitutive requirements and legal effects.Paragraph 1 Article 164 of the General Provisions of the Civil Law adjusts breach-of-duty type of abuse of agency power,and includes two essentials:the violation of duty on the part of the agent and non-good faith on the part of the opposite party.The duty of the agent is the obligation in the basic legal relationship whereas the opposite party's non-good faith means that he is fully aware of the violation of the duty or the violation is obvious to him.The legal effect of breach-of-duty type of abuse of agency power is that the agent loses the agency power and the validity of the juridical act is undetermined.In accordance with Paragraph 4 Article 171 of the General Provisions of the Civil Law,the agent in fault shall assume the contracting fault liability.If the opposite party is also in fault,the fault counteraction rule shall be applied.Just like the breach-of-duty-type abuse of agency power,malicious collusion agency,self-agency and bilateral agency also have the legal effect of unauthorized agency.In the sense of different types of abuse of agency power having the same legal effect,abuse of agency power is a unified concept.

关 键 词：职责违反 代理权滥用 相对人非善意 效力待定 无权代理责任 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]