黑龙江西部地区引进的饲用燕麦种质资源遗传多样性分析及综合评价  

Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of introduced Avena sativa L. germplasm resources in the western area of Heilongjiang

作　　者：史京京 薛盈文[1,2] 郭伟 于崧[1,2] 陆旺 于立河[1,2] 胡慧影 郭灿[1] 侯楠 SHI Jing-jing;XUE Ying-wen;GUO Wei;YU Song;LU Wang;YU Li-he;HU Hui-ying;GUO Can;HOU Nan(Agricultural Department,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2019年第3期515-523,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：农业农村部公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303007);杂粮种质资源保护与品种选育项目(2042070001);黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2017-Y07);黑龙江八一农垦大学博士启动计划项目(XDB2015-03)

摘　　要：【目的】分析黑龙江西部地区引进的饲用燕麦种质资源遗传多样性,为该地区饲用燕麦种质资源创新与新品种选育提供理论参考。【方法】以黑龙江西部地区引种的33份国内外饲用燕麦种质资源为材料,对其14个农艺性状和4个品质性状进行测定,计算遗传多样性指数,并采用主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析方法进行综合评价。【结果】33份饲用燕麦种质材料的18个性状存在较大变异,其中鲜草产量的变异系数最大(39.48%),其次为茎干重(35.28%)和叶干重(33.63%),叶可溶性糖含量的变异系数最小(10.97%)。各性状间表现出较好的遗传多样性,遗传多样性指数为1.55～2.02,平均为1.90,其中以籽粒淀粉含量最高(2.02),以千粒重最低(1.55)。各性状间存在不同程度的相关性:株高与穗长、鲜草产量、茎干重和叶干重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),与籽粒蛋白含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05,下同),与茎可溶性糖含量呈显著负相关;穗长与株高、单株穗铃数、茎干重和叶干重呈极显著正相关,与鲜草产量呈显著正相关。主成分分析发现,前6个主成分的累计贡献率为78.518%,其中,第一主成分(PC1)与饲草产量密切相关,第二主成分(PC2)与籽粒产量密切相关。T07和Ahzzewangc.i3821的综合得分较高,其次是T06、T13和Tihor oats,Heacharrelyngby、白燕7号和引3399的综合得分最低。33份饲用燕麦种质材料可划分为五大类群,其中,Ⅰ类群可作为黑龙江西部地区适宜种植的高产、优质型燕麦材料,Ⅱ类群可用于选育高秆型燕麦,Ⅲ类群可作为黑龙江西部地区选育低矮、抗倒伏、大粒型燕麦性状的良好亲本材料,Ⅳ类群可用作选育分蘖力强、高含糖量型燕麦的良好亲本。【结论】黑龙江西部地区引进的33份国内外饲用燕麦种质资源的遗传多样性丰富,T07、Ahzzewangc.i3821、T06、T13和Tihor oats为适宜黑龙江西部地区种植的饲用燕麦�【Objective】The genetic diversity of forage oat germplasm resources introduced into western area of Heilongjiang was analyzed to provide theoretical reference for innovation and breeding of new varieties of forage oat germplasm resources in this area.【Method】Thirty-three forage oat germplasm resources imported from home and abroad in western area of Heilongjiang were used as materials to determine fourteen agronomic traits and four quality traits,to calculate genetic diversity index,and to make comprehensive evaluation by principal component analysis,correlation analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The 18 traits of 33 forage oat germplasm materials varied greatly,among which the coefficient of variation of fresh grass yield was the largest(39.48%),followed by stem dry weight(35.28%)and leaf dry weight(33.63%),coefficient of variation of leaf soluble sugar content was the smallest(10.97%).The genetic diversity among the traits was good,the genetic diversity index ranged from 1.55 to 2.02,with an average of 1.90.Among them,starch content in grains was the highest(2.02),and 1000-grain weight was the lowest(1.55).There were different degrees of correlation among the traits.Plant height was extremely positively correlated with spike length,fresh grass yield,stem dry weight and leaf dry weight(P<0.01,the same below),plant height was significantly positively correlated with grain protein content(P<0.05,the same below),plant height was significantly negatively correlated with soluble sugar content of stem,spike length was extremely positively correlated with plant height,boll number per plant,stem dry weight and leaf dry weight,and spike length was significantly positively correlated with fresh grass yield.Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first six principal components was 78.518%.The first principal component(PC1)was closely related to forage yield,and the second principal component(PC2)was closely related to grain yield.The comprehensive score of T07 and Ahzze

关 键 词：饲用燕麦 种质资源 遗传多样性 综合评价 黑龙江西部地区 

分 类 号：S512.602.4[农业科学—作物学]