苏联经济的命运、矛盾及其发展演变  

The Fate, Contradictions and Evolution of the Soviet Economy

作　　者：列·伊·阿巴尔金 康晏如(译)[2] Leonid Ivanovich Abalkin ;Kang Yanru

机构地区：[1]俄罗斯科学院经济研究所 [2]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《世界社会主义研究》2019年第1期78-85,M0006,共9页World Socialism Studies

摘　　要：长期以来,苏联时期的经济发展始终没有得到足够客观的评价。尽管苏联经济发展走过不少弯路,但其辉煌成就无可置疑;尽管计划经济缺乏激励和创新,人民为优先发展重工业付出了沉重代价,但保障了国家在艰苦卓绝的战争中取得胜利。二战结束后,苏联曾多次尝试经济体制改革,却长期受到冷战的牵制,以至于屡次错失改革良机。后来经济严重停滞,社会矛盾尖锐,苏联不得不下决心进行大力度改革。但是,经济上的困境被一些思想已经"西化"的政治家利用,他们急于推行私有化,从而使改革偏离了正确方向,最终导致苏联解体。事实上,苏联经济的根本问题不完全在计划或市场,而在于能否建立一个发达的公民社会及其相应的制度体系。这是一个惨痛教训,值得当今包括俄罗斯在内的其他国家引以为鉴。The economic development of the Soviet Union has never been evaluated objectively enough for a long time Although the Soviet economy had failures and mistakes,its brilliant achievements are undeniable;the planned economy,despite its lack of incentives and innovations with heavy price paid by the people for giving priority to the development of heavy industries,nonetheless guaranteed the Soviet Union's victory in the arduous war After World War II,the Soviet Union tried many times to reform its economic system,but repeatedly missed the opportunities due to the long Cold War It was later forced to carry out reform under the circumstances of severe economic stagnation and sharp social contradiction However,its economic dilemma was exploited by the“westernized”politicians in the process of reform,and the reform deviated from its right direction,eventually leading to the disintegration of the Soviet Union In fact,the fundamental problem of the Soviet economy does not lie in a simple dichotomy between planned economy and market economy,but whether an advanced civil society and its corresponding institutions and system could be established This is a painful lesson for Russia and other countries today.

关 键 词：苏联经济 经济管理体制 计划与市场 改革 

分 类 号：F127[经济管理—世界经济]