天皇退位的历史与现实  

The Abdication of Japan's Emperor:History and Reality

作　　者：李卓[1] Li Zhuo

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,日本研究院

出　　处：《日本学刊》2019年第2期1-26,共26页Japanese Studies

基　　金：南开大学建设一流大学专项资金项目"日本象征天皇制与明仁天皇‘退位’问题研究"(编号:777/96176511);北京社会科学基金项目"儒家家族伦理的日本本土化及影响研究"(编号:14LSB009)

摘　　要：随着日本第125代天皇明仁于2019年4月30日退位,平成时代即将落幕,日本国民将在暌违200多年后再次迎来天皇与上皇同时存在。日本历史上,孱弱的皇室在各种势力的干预下,天皇退位曾经是常态化的存在。近代以后,为了维护国家最高核心的皇室的稳定,通过制定《皇室典范》确定了天皇的终身制,战后新《皇室典范》继承了这一基本原则,由此构成明仁天皇退位的法律障碍。在安倍晋三主持下,日本政府在内阁会议上通过了《关于天皇退位等皇室典范特例法》,使明仁天皇退位愿望得以实现。探究日本古代诸多天皇退位的原因和近代以来否定天皇退位机制的建立,以及当今实现天皇退位的现实过程,有助于认识天皇制的历史与现状及当今日本政治文化的特征。Japan’s Heisei period will come to an end with the abdication of Japan’s 125th Emperor Akihito on April 30,2019.The retired Emperor and the present Emperor have coexisted for the first time in the recent two centuries.In Japanese history,the abdication of the Emperor has taken place for a number of times,due to the fact that the Japanese imperial family constantly remained at a weak political position.In modern Japan,the Imperial Family Act was introduced with the aim to improve the stability of the imperial power,which has given a life-long tenure to the Emperor.In the post-war Japan,the renewed Imperial Family Act has continued to permit the life-long tenure of the Emperor,posing as a legal obstacle for the abdication of the Emperor Akihito.The Law for Special Exception of the Imperial Family Law concerning Abdication that the Abe administration has announced provides a basis for the abdication of the Emperor Akihito.Knowing the history of Japanese Emperor’s abdications in the pre-modern era,the reasons for Japan’s Emperor’s abdication is prohibited in the modern era and the ongoing abdication procedures will contribute to the understanding of the history of Japan’s imperial system and political culture.

关 键 词：明仁天皇 退位 皇室典范 终身制 皇统 

分 类 号：D59[政治法律—政治学] K313.25[政治法律—国际政治]