共识下的游离:美日在对华安全政策上的分歧  

The Dissociation under the Consensus:Differences between U. S. and Japan over Security Policies towards China

作　　者：凌胜利 方寅旃 Ling Shengli;Fang Yinzhan

机构地区：[1]外交学院国际关系研究所 [2]北京市对外交流与外事管理研究基地 [3]芝加哥大学哈里斯公共政策学院

出　　处：《日本学刊》2019年第2期46-68,共23页Japanese Studies

基　　金：霍英东青年教师基金"中美亚太主导权竞争与亚太国家的战略选择"(编号:161088);中央高校基本科研业务重大项目"联盟研究:理论与实践"(编号:3162018ZYKA02)

摘　　要：由于同盟关系的影响,美国和日本的对华安全政策往往被视为具有较强的一致性,实际上两国间不乏分歧。由于和中国实力对比的差异、战略选择的不同以及国家利益分歧的影响,美日在对来自中国的安全威胁认知与应对上存在差异。这在钓鱼岛争端、台湾问题当中体现得尤为明显。在美国看来,中国军力增强的主要影响在于会削弱美国在亚太安全领域的主导权,但不会对美国构成直接安全威胁。而日本的认知更为复杂,除了关心中国军力增强可能带来的地区安全秩序变化外,还担心中国军力增强对日本构成直接安全威胁。美国主要是基于霸权战略视角来制定对华政策,对中国采取防范与限制的政策。日本则主要是基于地区主导权视角来制定对华政策,对中国采取了更为强硬的孤立和制衡政策。鉴于这一情况,中国应根据美日在对华安全政策上的差异采取相应的策略,利用美日之间的分歧,削弱美日同盟的对华安全压力。Due to the impact of U.S.-Japan alliance,it is usually believed that U.S.and Japan’s security policies towards China have strong links and consistencies.In fact,there are also differences between U.S.and Japan due to their different situation in the comparison of China’s national strengths,strategic choices and national interests,U.S.and Japan also differ in their perceptions of and response to the“security threat”from China,which is particularly evident concerning the Diaoyu islands dispute and the Taiwan Question.For the U.S.,the rise of China’s military power will weaken U.S.military dominance in the Asia-Pacific region,but it will not pose a direct threat to U.S.security.Meanwhile,Japan’s perception is much more complicated.Besides considering possible changes of regional security order brought about by China’s military buildup,Japan also concerns that the rise of China’s military capability will pose a direct security threat to Japan.Therefore,the U.S.mainly formulates its policy towards China based on the view of hegemonic strategy and adopts a containment policy against China,while Japan is principally based on the regional dominance perspective and adopts a much tougher isolation and confrontation policy toward China.Given this situation,China should take some countermeasures of making use of differences between the U.S.and Japan in order to weaken the power of confrontation of their strategies toward China.

关 键 词：美日同盟 对华安全政策 战略分歧 同盟管理 周边安全 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]