从“群众路线”到“人的现代化”:“北京调查”与传播学在中国的肇始(1982-1992)  

From Mass Line to Modernization:The Beijing Audience Survey and the Beginning of Communication Research in China(1982-1992)

作　　者：方晓恬 王洪喆[1] Fang Xiaotian;Wang Hongzhe

机构地区：[1]北京大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2019年第2期96-109,127,128,共16页Journalism & Communication

摘　　要：1982年的"北京调查"是中国第一次采用电子计算机抽样和统计分析的民意调查,是传播学在中国发端的重要历史事件。论文通过史料发掘,以及对"北京调查"参与者及同时期从事受众调查学者的口述访谈,发现1980年代受众调查的出现源自党的新闻实践中"群众路线"传统的重新激活,其后随国家的政治与社会变迁逐步转向传播与现代化研究范式。论文通过考掘"北京调查"及相关受众研究的历史起源、流变与影响,拓展了"传播学在中国"的知识社会史视野,重新讨论了"群众路线"传统与传播研究的历史关系。The Beijing Audience Survey in 1982 was the first large-scale mass media audience survey in China using computer sampling method and computer statistical analysis.It is also a significant event forrevealing the disciplinary formation of communication study in China.Based on the exploration of historical documents and oral interviews of the scholars who participated in the 1982 survey and some other researchers who engaged in the audience surveys at the same period,this paper recovers two points of views for discussion.The first is that the audience surveys in 1980s was led by the reactivation of the tradition of the Party's newspapering practice,which was known as the qun Zhong lu xiam(the Mass Line).The paradigm of communication research after 1990s,on the other hand,gradually shifted to a development and modernization model along with the country's social and political changes.By exploring the Beijing Audience Survey in 1982 and discussing its origins,changes and influences of related audience studies in a more general way,this paper will enrich the knowledge of“Communication Research in China”and may bring the Mass Line back for a further debate on the relationship between politics and the communication studies.

关 键 词：北京调查 受众研究 传播学 群众路线 现代化 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]