纳米银杀虫剂的作用机理和安全性研究进展  

Research advance on potentially involved insecticidal mechanisms and safety evaluation of nano-silver insecticide

作　　者：唐萌 汪岩 TANG Meng;WANG Yan(Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education,School of Public Health,Nanjing 210009,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices,Southeast University,Nanjing 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学公共卫生学院环境医学工程教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210009 [2]江苏省生物材料与器件重点实验室,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2019年第1期1-6,共6页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划项目(编号:2011CB933404)

摘　　要：纳米材料作为新世纪重要工具在不同领域发挥着重要作用。由于传统化学杀虫剂的高毒性,找寻新型替代物成了控制害虫的重要工作。目前,基于自然资源的新型杀虫剂已有广泛的研究报道,其中纳米材料杀虫剂最近引起了高度的关注。现有研究关注不同属性纳米材料对节肢动物和媒介生物的毒性效应,包括纳米二氧化硅、纳米氧化铝、纳米银和氧化石墨烯纳米粒子等等,以纳米银研究最为广泛。本文综述了现阶段纳米银作为潜在杀虫剂对昆虫的一般毒性和毒性机制。潜在毒性机制主要包括纳米银诱导的氧化应激,影响了氧化酶和解毒酶,导致细胞死亡和组织损伤;以及纳米银破坏蛋白质紊乱,降低了乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,减少蛋白质合成和促性腺激素释放,导致发育损害和生殖障碍等。并且分析了毒作用影响因素,强调了安全性评价的重要性。在探讨纳米杀虫剂潜在杀虫作用的同时,非靶标生物(益虫、鱼类、水生植物等等)的安全性评价不可忽视。基于现有研究,特殊纳米属性(大小、电荷、表面化学等)对杀虫效率的提升是否有影响还有待阐明,以及各种潜在的毒作用机制还不明确,未来仍需开展相关领域的研究。Nanomaterials as important tools are playing essential roles in diverse fields in this century.Due to the high toxicity of traditional chemical pesticides,finding new alternatives has become an important task in controlling pests.At present,new insecticides based on natural resources have been widely reported,and nano-insecticides have attracted a lot of attention recently.Some studies have focused on the toxic effects of different types of nanomaterials on arthropods and vector,including nano-silica,nano-alumina,nano-silver and graphene oxide nanoparticles,and so on.Among them,the most widely studied is nano-silver.This review aimed at summarizing the general toxicity of nanosilver as a potential insecticide at this stage.The toxicological mechanisms involved are mainly referred to oxidative stress,protein disequilibrium,and release of metal ion and DNA damage.Specifically,the imbalance between oxidase and detoxification enzyme leads to the decrease of acetylcholinesterase activity,protein synthesis and gonadotropin release,followed by developmental damage and reproductive disorders.Meanwhile,influence factors affecting the toxic effect were also analyzed.And at the same time the importance of safety evaluation was emphasized.While the potential insecticidal effects of nano-insecticides were discussed,the safety evaluation of non-target organisms(beneficial insects,fish,aquatic plants)can not be ignored.Based on existing research,whether the special nano-properties(size,charge,surface chemistry,and so on)have an impact on the improvement of insecticidal efficiency remains to be clarified,and the various potential mechanisms of toxic effects are still unclear.Hence,research in related fields still need to be discussed in the future.

关 键 词：纳米颗粒 纳米银 杀虫剂 作用机理 安全性评价 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学]