基因编辑技术及其在蚊媒研究中的应用  

Research progress on genome editing in vector mosquitoes

作　　者：方福瑾 张贻宏 张鹏[3] 刘俊杰 杨玉婷[3] 常雪莲[4] FANG Fu-jin;ZHANG Yi-hong;ZHANG Peng;LIU Jun-jie;YANG Yu-ting;CHANG Xue-lian(The Third People’s Hospital of Bengbu,Bengbu 233000,China;Bengbu Central Hospital,Bengbu 233000,China;Department of Clinical Medicine,Bengbu Medical College,Bengbu 233030,China;Department of Microbiology and Parasitology,Bengbu Medical College,Bengbu 233030,China)

机构地区：[1]蚌埠市第三人民医院,安徽蚌埠233000 [2]蚌埠市中心医院,安徽蚌埠233000 [3]蚌埠医学院临床医学系,2014级安徽蚌埠233030 [4]蚌埠医学院病原生物学教研室,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2019年第1期85-90,共6页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

基　　金：安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划项目(编号:gxyq2017033);安徽省大学生创新创业项目(编号:201610367019)

摘　　要：蚊是一类呈世界性分布的卫生害虫,传播疟疾等多种疾病,引发许多国际性的公共卫生事件,受到了全世界的广泛关注。基于传统的化学防治导致蚊抗药性的产生及环境污染都给蚊媒控制带来新的挑战。近年来分子生物学的飞速发展,基因编辑技术(ZFN、TALEN、CRISPR/Cas9等)的相继出现,可以对蚊媒基因组进行精确的基因敲除、替换、纠正等靶向修饰,以期在蚊媒防治控制工作中取得新的突破。基因编辑技术的出现与发展为蚊媒的基因编辑、目标基因功能研究、甚至是蚊-病原体相互作用基因的定位提供一个强有力的工具。本文对目前3种主要基因编辑技术在蚊媒基因组中的研究和进展进行了综述。通过分析基因编辑技术在蚊媒研究的应用可以达到3个主要目的:(1)控制蚊媒与病原体;(2)研究蚊相关基因的功能;(3)对蚊基因组进行相关编辑与改造。基因编辑技术用于研究蚊媒基因的功能,会成为未来科学研究的一大热点。Leading tomany international public events,mosquitoes,an insect transmits wide ranges of human diseases such as malaria,is attracting attentions from all over the world.A serial of problems caused by large-scale use of conventional chemical insecticides has led toundesired insecticide-resistance in mosquito populations and continues challenging the control of mosquito.Currently,due to the rapid development of biotechnology,newly unveiled genome editing techniques(ZFN,TALEN,CRISPR/Cas 9,etc.)allow us to precisely edit target sequences in mosquito genome,such as deletion,editing and replacement of certain genes,and to achieve new break throughs in mosquito vector control.Genomic editing provides a new tool for mosquito genome editing,research on target gene function and searching for genes control interaction between mosquitoes and pathogens.Here,current research and development of three major gene editing technologies in mosquito genome editing were reviewed and the future application of these techniques in mosquito vector control was discussed.By analyzing genome editing in control of mosquitoes can achieve the following three goals:(1)control pathogens and mosquito vector;(2)study the function of certain mosquito genes;(3)edit gene of interest in mosquitoes.Utilization of genome editing in studying function of mosquito genes will definitely become a hot topic in life science.

关 键 词：蚊 基因编辑 锌指核酸酶 TALEN CRISPR/Cas9 

分 类 号：R184.31[医药卫生—流行病学]