咸淡水交替隔沟灌溉对土壤盐分及夏玉米产量的影响  

Effect of alternate fresh and brackish water furrow irrigation on soil salinity and summer maize yield

作　　者：解学敏 郭维华[1,2] 潘小保 毛程阳 桑红辉 缴锡云 XEE Xuemin;GUO Weihua;PAN Xiaobao;MAO Chengyang;SANG Honghui;JIAO Xiyun(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology - water Resourced and Hydraulic Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Nanjing Branch,Huat'an Cityf Jiangsu Province Water Survey & Design Institute Co.,Ltd. Nanjing 211100,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水利水电学院,南京210098 [2]水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210098 [3]江苏省淮安市水利勘测设计研究院有限公司南京分公司,南京211100

出　　处：《水资源与水工程学报》2018年第6期234-239,共6页Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51609064)

摘　　要：为研究时空交替模式下咸淡水灌溉对土壤盐分及夏玉米产量的影响,在河北南皮对夏玉米4个生育期(出苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期)采用微咸水(4 g/L)、淡水(1 g/L)进行咸淡水交替隔沟灌溉的遮雨测坑试验。根据不同的咸淡水灌溉模式组合,分为4个处理:处理1-全生育期4条沟均为"淡咸淡咸"交替沟灌;处理2-全生育期沟1和沟3均灌淡水,沟2和沟4均灌咸水;处理3-全生育期沟1和沟3淡咸交替,沟2和沟4咸淡交替;对照CK处理-全生育期4条沟均为淡水灌溉。结果表明:夏玉米收获后,各处理土层土壤盐分和离子累积程度大小关系为全生育期灌淡水的CK处理<咸淡水交替隔沟灌的处理3 <咸淡水固定隔沟灌的处理2和淡咸淡咸交替灌的处理1;较全生育期淡水处理,咸淡水交替灌溉减产率为24. 8%,咸淡水固定隔沟灌溉减产率为22. 1%,咸淡水交替隔沟灌溉减产率为11. 3%;在全生育期相同咸淡水灌溉量的情况下,选择咸淡水交替隔沟灌溉方式土壤盐分累积量最小,较全淡水节约淡水量50%。可为缺乏淡水资源的华北平原灌区夏玉米灌溉提供参考。In order to investigate the effect of fresh and brackish water irrigation on soil salinity and summer maize yield under alternating temporal and spatial patterns,brackish water(4 g/L)and freshwater(1 g/L)were used in the four growth stages of summer maize(emergence,jointing,heading,and filling)in Nanpi,Hebei,for rainwater experiments of alternate trench irrigation.According to different combinations of brackish water irrigation modes,it was divided into four treatments:Treatment 1-in the whole growth period 4 ditches were alternately furrowed with freshwater-brackish water-freshwater-brackish water,Treatment 2-Whole growth period ditch 1 and ditch 3 were all filled with freshwater,ditch 2 and ditch 4 were filled with brackish water;the treatment 3-ditch 1 and the ditch 3 were alternately furrowed with freshwater-brackish water-freshwater-brackish water,ditch 2 and the ditch4 alternately furrowed with brackish water-freshwater-brackish water-freshwater;the control CK treatment-four ditches in the whole growth period were all freshwater irrigation.The results showed that,after harvesting,the relationship between soil salinity and ion accumulation in the soil layer of each treatment is as follows:CK treatment of freshwater irrigation during whole growth period<Brine and freshwater alternate furrow irrigation treatment 3<brackish water fixed furrow irrigation treatment 2 and the treatment of light salty alternating irrigation 1;compared with freshwater treatment during whole growth peri-od,the yield reduction of saltwater and freshwater irrigation is 24.8%,the reduction rate of fixed furrow irrigation with brackish water is 22.1%,and the reduction rate of brackish water and freshwater alternate furrow irrigation is 11.3%.Therefore,in the case of the same amount of brackish water irrigation in the whole growing period,the choice of saltwater and freshwater alternate trench irrigation is the least for soil salt accumulation,which saved 50%of fresh water compared with whole freshwater mode,which can be applied to irriga

关 键 词：咸淡水交替隔沟灌 土壤盐分 产量 夏玉米 华北平原 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S513[农业科学—农业工程]