综合排污许可制度运行的体制基础及困境分析  

On the Institutional Foundation and Barriers for Implementing Integrated Emission Permit System

作　　者：李挚萍[1] 陈曦珩 Li Zhi-ping;Chen Xi-heng(Law School of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong 510275)

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《政法论丛》2019年第1期104-112,共9页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大研究专项项目"陆海统筹背景下我国海洋生态环境协同治理研究"(18VHQ014)的研究成果

摘　　要：我国排污许可制度自上世纪八十年代实施以来,由于立法滞后、定位不准、监管碎片化等原因导致其实施效果不理想。当前,中国环境管理向着系统化、综合化转型,综合排污许可制度的改革就此展开。综合排污许可制度需要建立在相应的管理体制之上,我国正在进行的环境管理体制改革为该制度的运行奠定了一定的基础。通过考察综合排污许可制度的顶层设计及实施现状,发现该制度的实施又面临新的体制难题,主要是许可证的核发与监管与环境管理体制改革有一定的脱节。这些难题反映出改革方案与法律的不衔接,也体现了国家污染防治立法之间的不协调。在排污许可管理立法与机构改革过程中需要进一步完善排污许可管理权限的配置,为排污许可制度实施提供更好的体制保障。从长远来看,应该顺应综合环境管理的需要对污染防治立法进行整合,清除综合排污许可管理的法律障碍。Emission permit system has been implemented in our country since 1980 s. Due to the outdated legislations, inaccurate role and supervision fragmentation, the implementation of emission permit system is not good. Nowadays, environmental management in China has been developed to systematization and integration, and the reform of integrated emission permit system is carried out in this background. Integrated emission permit system needs to be based on certain managerial institutions, and the current institutional reform in our country provides some foundation. By analyzing the top-level design of integrated emission permit system and the current situation of implementing integrated emission permit system, new institutional barriers are found during the implementation of this system. Basically, it is found that the granting and supervision of emission permits are dissociated from the institutional reform of environmental management. These barriers reflect that the reform plans and laws are not coordinated, and that the current national legislations of pollution prevention and control are not coordinated. During the process of emission permit management legislation and the institutional reform, the distribution of emission permit management power should be further improved, so as to provide institutional guarantee for implementing emission permit system. In the long term, the legislations of pollution prevention and control should be integrated, meeting the requirement of integrated environmental management, so as to overcome the legal barriers beset the integrated emission permit management.

关 键 词：综合排污许可制度 环境管理体制 机构改革 法律整合 

分 类 号：DF468[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]