有机肥部分替代氮肥土壤硝态氮动态变化特征及玉米产量效应研究  

Effects of Organic Manure Partial Substitution for Chemical N Fertilizer on the Dynamic Change of Soil Nitrate N and Maize Yield

作　　者：黄志浩 曹国军[1] 耿玉辉[1] 潘京洲 邢伟明 HUANG Zhi-hao;CAO Guo-jun;GENG Yu-hui;PAN Jing-zhou;XING Wei-ming(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Jilin Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 [2]吉林省农业技术推广总站,长春130033

出　　处：《玉米科学》2019年第1期151-158,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC09B01);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B05);农村领域国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2012BAD04B00)

摘　　要：通过田间试验,在氮磷钾等养分量条件下,研究牛粪、鸡粪、猪粪替代25%化肥氮和秸秆全量还田配施化肥对0～100 cm土层硝态氮淋溶和积累及玉米产量构成的影响。秸秆全量还田配施化肥、牛粪替代25%化肥氮处理土壤硝态氮淋溶作用较小,完熟期0～40 cm土层硝态氮累积量分别为86.2 kg/hm^2和73.1 kg/hm^2,均显著高于其他有机肥替代化肥处理。习惯施肥、鸡粪替代25%化肥氮、猪粪替代25%化肥氮处理土壤硝态氮淋溶较强,完熟期0～40 cm土层硝态氮累积量分别为54.2、65.4、68.5 kg/hm^2。鸡粪替代25%化肥氮处理玉米产量最高,为13 616.9kg/hm^2,比习惯施肥增产13.6%,与其他有机肥替代化肥处理产量差异均达显著水平。在等养分量条件下,有机肥替代25%化肥氮及秸秆全量还田配施化肥均可增加0～40 cm土层硝态氮累积量,减少淋溶损失。Under the conditions of equal N,P and K amounts,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of conventional fertilization(T0),cow muck,chicken manure,pig manure substitution for 25%chemical N(T1,T2,and T3),and total straw returning combined with chemical fertilizer(T4),on NO3^--N leaching and accumula-tion in 0-100 cm soil depth and maize yield components.The nitrate leaching amounts were less under T1 and T4 treatments,with the NO3^--N accumulation amount in 0-40 cm soil depth were 86.2 and 73.1 kg/ha respectively at maturity,which were significantly higher than that under T2 and T3 treatments.The nitrate N leaching amount in T0 was the highest(68.5 kg/ha)among all the treatments.Under T3 treatment,maize yield was the highest(13 616.9 kg/ha),which was 13.6%higher than that of T0,and also reached up to significant difference compared with the other treat-ments.Under the condition of equal nutrients,T1-T4 can increase NO3^--N accumulation amount in 0-40 cm soil depth,with the nitrate leaching loss of T4 was the least.Besides,T3 can significantly increase maize yield.

关 键 词：玉米 产量 有机肥替代 等养分量 土壤硝态氮 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]