从产权界定到产权实施——中国农地经营制度变革的过去与未来  

The Property Rights: from Delimitation to Implementation: The Logical Clue of Chinese Farmland Management System Transformation

作　　者：罗必良 LUO Biliang

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学国家农业制度与发展研究院,广州510642

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2019年第1期17-31,共15页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"农村土地与相关要素市场培育与改革研究"(编号:71333004);国家自然科学基金政策研究重点支持项目"农地确权的现实背景;政策目标及效果评价"(编号:71742003);教育部创新团队滚动支持项目"中国农村基本经营制度(编号:IRT-14R17)"

摘　　要：本文基于产权界定与产权实施的概念梳理认为40年来中国农地经营制度变革,从最初农民对农地产权的争权与国家的还权,到后来稳定承包关系与农地确权,其核心主线主要是围绕产权界定来展开的,其基本的制度目标是试图通过赋予农民以承包土地的排他权并强化其稳定预期,来促进农地流转与农业规模经营。但是,产权强化并未取得预期的政策效果。文章强调,推进农业规模化经营,不能仅仅局限于农地产权界定层面的制度安排,更要探索产权实施层面的经营方式转型。降低农地产权的实施成本,依赖于交易制度的创新及其组织选择。By figuring out the concepts about the property rights delimitation and implementation,this paper discussed the transformation of Chinese farmland management system in the past 40 years. The key logical clue of Chinese farmland management system transformation has been focused on the property rights delimitation,which was from the original peasants’ struggling against farmland property rights and state returning the rights,to the later building the stable land contract relationship and land titling. The basic institutional goals are promoting the development of rural land rental market and agricultural scale management,by stabilizing the land property rights and strengthening the stable expectation. However,it has not achieved the anticipated effects. This article emphasized that it should not only be focusing on the institutions about the delimitation of rural land property rights,but also exploring the transformation of farmers’ management system from property rights implementation. It depends on the innovation of trade system and organization,to reduce the transaction costs of rural land property rights implementation.

关 键 词：农地经营制度 产权界定 产权实施 农业规模经营 组织创新 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]