基于避税动机的利润转移行为研究——来自企业所得税改革的经验证据  

Research on Profit Transfer Behavior Based on Tax Avoidance Motivation——Evidence from Enterprise Income Tax Reform

作　　者：潘红波[1] 吴迪倩 Pan Hongbo;Wu Diqian

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《江西社会科学》2019年第1期34-45,254,255,共14页Jiangxi Social Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"官员交流对地方国企高管治理的影响及其经济后果研究"(71572133);国家自然科学基金项目"高管个人事项申报;政治风险与国有企业创新投资研究"(71872137)

摘　　要：基于2008年企业所得税改革引起的税率变化,以我国上市公司及其子公司为样本,分析集团企业基于避税动机的利润转移行为,研究结果发现:当上市公司与其子公司间税率差异扩大时,双方会开展更多基于非公允价格定价的关联交易,进而提高具有税率优势一方的税前利润水平;进一步地,对于内部税率优势扩大的集团企业,其整体利润水平也会较税率差异不变的集团企业更高,说明集团企业内部会通过关联交易将利润转移给低税率的成员公司,进而降低整体税负,提升整体利润;最后,上述现象更多地发生在民营企业中,国有企业由于具有较高的避税成本和风险、较弱的避税能力及动机,因而不会基于税率变化对利润分配水平进行调整。因此,政府需进一步深化税收改革,切实给予企业更多的税费减免,降低税费。Based on the change of tax rate caused by the enterprise income tax reform in 2008,this paper analyzes the profit transfer behavior of group companies based on tax avoidance motivation,using Chinese listed companies and their subsidiaries as samples.The study finds that when the difference in tax rate between the listed company and its subsidiaries expands,the two parties will carry out more related transactions based on non-fair pricing,thereby increasing the pre-tax profit level of the party with the tax rate advantage;further,when the internal tax rate difference expands,the group’s overall profit level would be higher than that of the group companies with the constant tax rate difference,indicating that the group companies will transfer profits to the member companies with lower tax rates through related party transactions,thereby reducing the overall tax burden and improving the overall profit.In addition,the above phenomenon occurs more often in private enterprises.Stateowned enterprises do not adjust the level of profit distribution based on tax rate changes because of high costs,high risks,weak ability and motivation of tax avoidance.The results provide direct evidence of the group companies’avoiding taxation through internal profit transfer,and also a basis for the further implementation of the tax and fee reduction policy in China.

关 键 词：所得税改革 避稅动机 利润转移 税率差异 关联交易 

分 类 号：F812.42[经济管理—财政学]