大传统与小传统的交融与转化——关于清代经学与戏曲关系的思考  

The Convergence and Transformation of Large and Small Traditions: Reflections on the Relationship between Confucian Classics and Opera in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张晓兰[1] ZHANG Xiao-lan(School of Literature,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225000)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《艺术百家》2018年第6期86-90,共5页Hundred Schools In Arts

基　　金：2015年度国家社科基金项目"甘肃省图书馆所藏清代戏曲抄本研究"(项目编号:15BZW071)阶段性成果;2017年度江苏高校哲学社会科学优秀创新团队"戏剧综合研究与文化生态建设"(项目编号:2017ZSTD013)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：作为传统文化的两极,经学与戏曲的关系,类似于人类学中大传统(Great Tradition)与小传统(Little Tradition)的关系,经学是代表社会意识形态的精英文化,而戏曲则是来自民间的大众文化,但在清代,这二者之间却产生了密切的联系。一方面,经学对戏曲有着绝对的统摄作用,戏曲作品中体现的基本都是儒家的忠孝节义、善恶报应等伦理道德;另一方面,经学与戏曲之间也存在着交融与转化,戏曲会向雅文化和精英文化转变,清代中期的"雅部衰落、花部兴起"正是这一交融转化的结果。清代经学与戏曲的关系可从以下几个维度来考察:清代经学对戏曲的影响及经学语境下清代戏曲的特点和新变、清代经学家的戏曲活动、清代经学家的戏曲思想。As the two poles of traditional culture,the relationship between Classics and operas is similar to the relationship between Great Tradition and Little Tradition in anthropology.The study of Classics is an elite culture that represents social ideology.The opera comes from the popular culture of the people,but in the Qing Dynasty,there was a close connection between the two.On the one hand,Confucian Classics have an absolute commanding effect on operas.The basic expressions in opera works are Confucian ethics such as loyalty,filial piety,good and evil retribution.On the other hand,there is also a blending and transformation between Classics and operas.The opera will change to elegant culture and elite culture.The "decline of the elegant operas and the rise of the local operas" in the middle of the Qing Dynasty is the result of this blending and transformation.The relationship between Classics and opera in the Qing dynasty can be studied from the following dimensions:the influence of Classics on opera in the Qing dynasty and the characteristics and changes of opera in the Qing dynasty under the context of Classics,the opera activities of the Confucian scholars in the Qing dynasty,and the opera thoughts of the Confucian scholars in the Qing dynasty.

关 键 词：清代经学 清代戏曲 大传统 小传统 交融与转化 

分 类 号：J80[艺术—戏剧戏曲]