Female indris determine the rhythmic structure of the song and sustain a higher cost when the chorus size increases  

作　　者：Chiara De Gregorio Anna Zanoli Daria Valente Valeria Torti Giovanna Bonadonna Rose Marie Randrianarison Cristina Giacoma Marco Gamba 

机构地区：[1]Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Universita di Torino, via Accademia Albertina, Torino, Italia [2]Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilita Ambientale, Universita di Parma, Parma, Italia [3]Group d'Ttude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP), Antananarivo, Madagascar [4]Departement de Anthropobiologie et Developpement Durable, Universite d'Antananarivo, Faculte des Sciences, Antananarivo, Madagascar

出　　处：《Current Zoology》2019年第1期89-97,共9页动物学报（英文版）

摘　　要：Among the behavioral traits shared by some nonhuman primate species and humans there is singing. Unfortunately, our understanding of animals' rhythmic abilities is still in its infancy. Indris are the only lemurs who sing and live in monogamous pairs, usually forming a group with their offspri ng. All adult members of a group usually participate in choruses that are emitted regularly and play a role in advertising territorial occupa ncy and in tergroup spaci ng. Males and females emit phrases that have similar frequency ranges but may differ in their temporal structure. We examined whether the individuals' contribution to the song may change according to chorus size, the total duration of the song or the duration of the individual con tribution using the in ter-on set intervals within a phrase and between phrases. We found that the rhythmic structure of indri's songs depends on factors that are different for males and females. We showed that females have sigrdficantly higher variation in the rhythm of their contribution to the song and that, changes according to chorus size. Our findings indicate that female indris sustain a higher cost of singing than males whe n the nu mber of singers in creases. These results suggest that cross-species investigatio ns will be crucial to un derstanding the evoluti on ary frame in which such sexually dimorphic traits occurred.

关 键 词：CHORUS coordination duets LEMURS SINGING synchrony 

分 类 号：Q[生物学]