细胞自噬在个体发育和肿瘤发生中的作用  

The Roles of Autophagy in the Individual Development and Tumorigenesis

作　　者：李国辉[1] 李东[1] 祁馨宇 邱立鹏[1] 唐琦[1] LI Guo-hui;LI Dong;QI Xin-yu;QIU Li-peng;TANG Qi(Institute of Life Sciences,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学生命科学研究院,中国江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《生命科学研究》2019年第1期46-53,共8页Life Science Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270192)

摘　　要：细胞自噬是一种广泛存在于真核生物细胞中的代谢过程,参与调控胞内物质合成、降解和重新利用之间的代谢平衡。自噬体与溶酶体的有效融合能有效地保障胞内多余物质的降解及其再利用,是真核细胞所特有的一种自我保护机制。细胞自噬近年来受到广泛的关注,其不仅能充当胞内一个合格的质检员,有效地降解胞内受损的蛋白质成分和细胞器,进而阻止细胞损伤和凋亡,也与肿瘤发生、衰老、神经退行性疾病、人体自身免疫性疾病、肥胖症和糖尿病等多种疾病的发生及发展密切相关。本文旨在对细胞自噬过程和其调控机制进行介绍,并侧重对自噬在生长发育和肿瘤发生中的作用进行综述,为预防与治疗多种人类重大疾病提供理论依据。Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process existing in species from yeasts to humans in the regulation of synthesis of intracellular substance,protein degradation and recycling of amino acids.The fusion between autophagosome and lysosome is essential for removing protein aggregates and misfolded proteins in healthy cells.Autophagy is a unique self-protection mechanism of eukaryotic cells.It has attracted wide attention because it plays an important role in a wide variety of diseases including neurodegenerative disorders,tumor,aging,human autoimmune diseases,obesity and diabetes,as well as acting as a quality inspector to effectively degrade the damaged proteins and organelles.The process of autophagy and its regulation mechanism were described,and its roles in the individual development and tumorigenesis were highlighted in this review,which may provide references for prevention and treatment of a variety of human diseases.

关 键 词：细胞自噬 溶酶体 泛素 蛋白质聚集体 肿瘤 

分 类 号：Q519[生物学—生物化学]