饮水短期铬暴露对大鼠健康的影响  

Short-term exposure health effect of chromium in drinking water

作　　者：段链[1] 顾雯[1] 王超[1] 石莹[1] 王翀[1] 徐永俊[1] 张宏伟[1] Duan Lian;Gu Wen;Wang Chao;Shi Ying;Wang Chong;Xu Yongjun;Zhang Hongwei(Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product Safety,China CDC,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所,北京100021

出　　处：《卫生研究》2019年第2期295-302,共8页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家"十二五"重大专项课题(No.2015ZX07402002)

摘　　要：目的通过动物实验验证饮水中铬短期暴露的健康效应及分离点,计算其饮水短期暴露健康风险健康参考值(health advisory, HA),为饮水中铬短期暴露健康风险研究提供数据基础。方法选择SPF清洁级SD大鼠120只,雌雄各半,随机分为6组,以去离子水为阴性对照组,灌胃给予以铬计浓度为0、7.2、8.3、14.4、24.0和28.8 mg/(kg·d)的铬酸钾(potassium chromate,K_2CrO_4),染毒第14天和第28天进行血常规、血生化及组织病理学检测。实验结果采用单因素方差分析进行统计分析,P<0.05则认为差异有统计学意义。结果染毒28天后,各组雌性大鼠肝重均低于对照组,其中24.0、28.8 mg/(kg·d)组雌性大鼠肝重分别为(6.68±0.90)和(7.08±0.36) g,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此时雄性大鼠24.0、28.8 mg/(kg·d)组谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)分别为(59.04±10.98)及(63.78±5.89) U/L,明显高于对照组(P<0.05);同时其血中碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)水平低于对照组,分别为(130.52±23.22)及(126.34±28.25) U/L,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以大鼠肝损伤指标(肝重、ALT、ALP)作为健康效应指标,得到LOAEL值为24.0 mg/(kg·d),NOAEL值为14.4 mg/(kg·d),参考美国环境保护署(USEPA)制定HA值的计算方式,获得HA值为1.44 mg/L,该结果与USEPA所得结果一致。OBJECTIVE To verify the health effect and the point of departure(POD)of chromium in drinking water by animal experiment,and acquire the short-term health advisory(HA).METHODS A total of 120 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups.Deionized water was used as a negative control and the concentration of chromium was 0,7.2,8.3,14.4,24.0,28.8 mg/(kg·d)and the potassium chromate(K2CrO4)was used as a positive control.Blood analysis,blood biochemical parameters and histopathology were determined after exposure 14 and 28 days.The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA,P<0.05 showed that the difference was significant.RESULTS After 28 days of chromium exposure,the liver weights of the female rats in each dose group were lower than the control group.There were significant differences between the 24.0,28.8 mg/(kg·d)dose groups with the control group.The liver weight of female rats in the 24.0,28.8 mg/(kg·d)groups were(6.68±0.90)g and(7.08±0.36)g,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After 28 days exposure,alanine transaminase(ALT)in male rats at 24.0 and 28.8 mg/(kg·d)levels were(59.04±10.98)U/L and(63.78±5.89)U/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)levels in blood of the two groups were lower than those in the control group,that were(130.52±3.22)U/L and(126.34±8.25)U/L(P<0.05).CONCLUSION With index of rat liver damage(liver weight,ALT,ALP)as indicators of health effect,LOAEL is 24 mg/(kg·d),and NOAEL is 14.4 mg/(kg·d).Referring to the calculation method of HA value formulated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA),the HA is 1.44 mg/L,which is consistent with the result obtained by USEPA.

关 键 词：铬 短期暴露 饮用水 

分 类 号：R123.5[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R994.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]