市场潜力、厚劳动力市场与城市就业  

Market Potential, Thick Labor Market and Employment

作　　者：尹靖华 韩峰[2] YIN Jinghua;HAN Feng(Nankai University, 310071;Nanjing Audit University, 211815)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院 [2]南京审计大学政治与经济研究院

出　　处：《财贸经济》2019年第4期146-160,共15页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目"适宜性产业集聚视角下的人口城镇化空间推进机制研究"(71603124);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目"产业集聚驱动人口城镇化区际协同发展的空间机制研究"(BK20161054);江苏高校自然科学基金面上项目"长江经济带生产性服务业协同集聚的碳减排效应研究"(16KJB610009)

摘　　要：依托城市间产品市场的联合和劳动力要素供给的空间互动,扩大国内市场需求和劳动力要素供给的空间尺度,对于实现我国城市就业的充分性和平衡性具有重要意义。本文从空间劳动要素供给和产品市场需求的综合视角切入,建立了多区域空间一般均衡模型,构建产品市场潜力指标和代表地区劳动力市场厚度的劳动力空间可得性指标并探讨两者与城市就业之间的逻辑联系和作用机制,分别从城市层面和个体微观层面实证检验其对城市就业规模和个人就业机会的影响。结果显示,城市产品市场潜力和厚的劳动力市场在推进城市就业增长中存在显著作用,二者不仅在城市层面提高了城市非农就业规模,而且也提高了微观劳动者个体的非农就业概率。进一步的异质性分析发现,大城市和中小城市的就业主要依赖产品市场的空间需求关联,大城市厚劳动力市场的就业效应不如中小城市明显;城市产品市场潜力对劳动力的需求效应更加有利于外来劳动力市场,而本地劳动力在厚劳动力市场中处于更加有利的位置。本研究对于构建以城市群为主体的城镇格局以促进区域经济发展与就业协同,从整体上保证就业的充分性和公平性具有重要的政策启示。Relying on the expansion and spatial interaction of market demand and labor supply is of great significance to the realization of the adequacy and balance of urban employment in China. This paper develops a spatial model that incorporates geography of trade costs and labor mobility with heterogeneous worker preferences across locations and then constructs the market demand potential index and the labor supply access index to analyze the correlation with urban employment and the employment opportunities of the individual. The study finds that the market potential of urban products and the thick labor market have prominent effects in promoting urban employment growth and the employment probability of individual workers in the non-agricultural industry. The analysis also reveals that the market potential is more conducive to the employment of the migrants, while the labor market access improves both of the employment opportunities of the migrants and local labor force, but is more conducive to the employment of the latter. These findings provide references for the construction of urban pattern dominated by urban agglomerations to promote regional economic development and to ensure the adequacy and fairness of employment as a whole.

关 键 词：市场需求潜力 劳动力空间可得性 城市就业规模 劳动者就业概率 

分 类 号：F061.5[经济管理—政治经济学]