基于特征气体检测的空间站火灾预警策略研究  

Study on Fire Early Warning Strategy in Space Station Based on Characteristic Gas Detection

作　　者：任小孟[1] 巴剑波[1] 姜萌[2] REN Xiaomeng;BA Jianbo;JIANG Meng(Naval Medical Research Institute,Shanghai 200433,China;Beijing Institute of Aerospace Control Devices,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]海军医学研究所,上海200433 [2]北京航天控制仪器研究所,北京100039

出　　处：《载人航天》2019年第2期177-182,共6页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：载人航天预先研究项目(020401)

摘　　要：针对空间站现有火灾预警技术虚警率高、预警滞后的问题,利用环境模拟舱对4种空间站用典型非金属材料进行加热,并对释放气体进行了定性定量分析。检测结果显示,不同非金属材料受热释放气体的种类、速率、浓度虽然存在差异,但气体释放量和释放速率均随加热温度上升而升高,且在一定温度下出现明显拐点;具有与火灾过程匹配度高、火灾特征性强、出现早、浓度相对较高等优势的CO可作为火灾预警主要标志气体,HCN、HCl可作为辅助性标志气体。并结合空间站需求,提出了包含正常期、阴燃期、发展期、燃烧期的火灾预警策略,为实现空间站火灾早期预警提供科学的技术手段。High false alarm rate and warning lag were the critical defects of the present fire warning technologies in space station.Four kinds of classical non-metal materials used in the space station were heated in an environment simulation chamber.The released gases were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.The detection results showed that the released gas species,the release rate and the concentration were different for different non-metal materials,but both the amount of gas and the release rate increased with the increase of the heated temperature,and there was an obvious inflection point when the temperature rose to a certain degree.It was suggested that CO could be selected as the main characteristic gas for fire warning because it had several advantages such as high matching degree with the fire process,highly fire specific,early appearance and relatively high concentration;HCN,HCl could be used as the auxiliaries for fire early warning.Considering the space station demands,the fire warning strategies covering the normal phase,the smoldering phase,the development phase and the combustion phase were put forward which may provide references for the early fire warning in space station.

关 键 词：空间站 火灾 预警策略 特征气体 

分 类 号：X949[环境科学与工程—安全科学]