闽北马尾松二代种子园配方施肥试验研究  

Formula Fertilization Test in Second Generation Seed Orchard of Pinus massoniana in Northern Fujian

作　　者：陆梅[1] 李宝福[2] LU Mei;LI Bao-fu(Fujian Forestry Vocational Technical College,Nanping,Fujian 353000,China;Fujian Academy of Forestry,Fuzhou,Fujian 350012,China)

机构地区：[1]福建林业职业技术学院,福建南平353000 [2]福建省林业科学研究院,福建福州350012

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2019年第1期43-47,73,共6页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：福建省省属公益类科研专项(闽科计[2011]50号;项目编号2011R1013-1)

摘　　要：对闽北马尾松二代种子园开展氮、磷、钾、镁、硼、钼等多元素配比施肥试验,结果表明:不同配比施肥对马尾松种子园的产量和质量影响很大,表现在单株球果产量、出籽率、单粒重、种子园产量在不同施肥组合处理间存在显著或极显著差异。综合二代种子园效应分析结果,得出各肥料的最优组合为:每株施尿素70.0 g+过磷酸钙338.5 g+氯化钾148.5 g+硫酸镁100.9 g+硼砂1.4 g,即每株N 32.1 g,P_2O_540.6 g,K_2O89.1 g,CaO 67.7 g,MgO 30.3 g,配比N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O∶CaO∶MgO=1.0∶1.3∶2.9∶2.2∶1.0。在此基础上,钼肥以喷施0.1%浓度较合适,相当于每株施用Mo 0.1 g。理论上二代种子园产量可达31.26 g/株,现实种子园施肥组合中最高产量也达到了27.68 g/株,是不施肥产量的10倍,与同样经营管理水平下的经验施肥或生产上普遍采用的施肥方式,至少可提高产量30%以上。The experiments on formula application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, boron and molybdenum were carried out in the second generation seed orchard of Pinus massoniana in northern Fujian.The results showed that fertilization with different ratios gives a great influence on the yield and quality of Pinus massoniana seed orchard.There significant or extremely significant differences in yield, seed yield, single grain weight and seed orchard yield were investigated from the different fertilization combinations.Based on the results of the second generation seed orchard effects,the optimal combination of each fertilizer was as follows: urea 70.0 g + calcium superphosphate 338.5 g + potassium chloride 148.5 g + magnesium sulfate 100.9 g + borax 1.4 g for per plant, suggesting N 32.1 g,P 2O 5 40.6 g,K 2O 89.1 g,CaO 67.7 g,MgO 30.3 g for per plant,and N ∶ P 2O 5 ∶ K 2O ∶ CaO ∶ MgO=1.0 ∶ 1.3 ∶ 2.9 ∶ 2.1 ∶ 1.0. Molybdenum fertilizer was more suitable for spraying 0.1 % concentration, which was equivalent to the application of Mo 0.1 g per plant.The theoretical output of the second generation seed orchard can reach 31.26 g/plant,and the actual ceiling in seed orchard fertilization combination reached as high as 27.68 g/plant, which is 10-folds as high as that of the fertilizer-free.Compared with the conventional method, the seed yield might be enhanced by at least 30 %.

关 键 词：马尾松 二代种子园 配方施肥 种子产量 

分 类 号：S722.8[农业科学—林木遗传育种]