原油污染土壤翅碱蓬根际效应和降解的研究  

Rhizospheric effect and oil degradation of saline seepweed Suaeda heteroptera in soil contaminated by crude oil

作　　者：刘欢 何洁 樊晓茹 王庆芝[3,4] 刘远 魏海峰 LIU Huan;HE Jie;FAN Xiao-ru;WANG Qing-zhi;LIU Yuan;WEI Hai-feng(Key Laboratory of Nearshore Marine Environmental Science and Technology in Liaoning Province,College of Marine Science and Environment,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Restoration and Habitat Reparation in Liaoning Province,Dalian 116023,China;Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Ministry of Education,Dalian 116023,China;College of Environment,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院近岸海洋环境科学与技术辽宁省高校重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]辽宁省海洋生物资源恢复与生境修复重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [3]工业生态与环境工程教育部重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [4]大连理工大学环境学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2019年第2期191-197,共7页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(2015020616);盘锦红海滩湿地退化与生态修复项目(PHL-XZ-2017013-002)

摘　　要：为研究植物的根际效应对原油降解的影响,以中国北方沿海滩涂优势盐碱植物翅碱蓬Suaeda heteroptera为对象,通过多隔层根箱种植试验,测定原油胁迫90 d后翅碱蓬种植试验组和未种植翅碱蓬对照组中不同根际距离(0～3.0、3.1～6.0、6.1～9.0、9.1～12.0 mm和﹥12.1 mm)区土壤中氨基酸含量、小分子有机酸相对含量、总糖含量、酶活性、细菌数量变化,以及土壤中原油、菲和芘的降解率。结果表明:翅碱蓬种植试验组土壤低分子有机物各组分含量均显著高于未种植翅碱蓬对照组土壤中相应成分(P<0.05),其中总糖与氨基酸含量在0～3.0 mm根际距离区最大,草酸含量在3.1～6.0 mm根际距离区最大,均显著高于其他根际距离区(P<0.05),随着根际距离的增大,各组分含量总体呈下降趋势;土壤多酚氧化酶活性和土壤细菌数量最大值均出现在3.1～6.0 mm根际距离区,均显著高于其他根际距离区(P<0.05);各根际距离区翅碱蓬种植试验组原油降解率均显著高于未种植翅碱蓬对照组(P<0.05),最大值出现在3.1～6.0 mm根际距离区,显著高于其他根际距离区(P<0.05),随着根际距离的增大,土壤原油浓度总体呈增大趋势。研究表明,翅碱蓬根际环境有利于降低土壤的原油浓度,且在3.1～6.0 mm根际距离时效果最为显著。Contents of amino acid,small-molecule organic acids,and soil total sugar,and enzyme activity,soil bacterial number and crude oil in soil rhizosphere,and degradation rate of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil were analyzed in saline seepweed Suaeda heteroptera exposed to soil contaminated by oil with rhizosphere distance of 0-3.0mm,3.1-6.0mm,6.1-9.0 mm,9.1-12.0mm and>12.1mm for 90 days(without saline seepweed as ontrol group)through multi-compartment root box experiment in order to investigate the effect of plant rhizosphere effect on crude oil degradation in the dominant saline-alkali plant saline seepweed in coastal mudflats in China.The results showed that there were significantly higher contents of soil low-molecular organic compounds in the treatment groups than those in the control group(P<0.05),with the maximal total sugar and amino acid in the 0-3.0 mm rhizosphere distance,the maximal oxalic acid in the 3.1-6.0 mm rhizosphere distance,significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0.05).The components were found to be remained unchanged and the content decreased as the rhizosphere distance was increased.The activity of soil polyphenol oxidase and the maximum number of soil bacteria were observed in the rhizosphere distance of 3.1-6.0 mm,significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05).The crude oil concentration was significantly lower in the treatment groups than that in the control group,the maximum in the rhizosphere distance of 3.1-6.0 mm,significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05).In a whole,the soil oil concentration was shown to be increased with the increase in rhizosphere distance.The findings indicate that the rhizosphere of saline seepweed can reduce the soil oil concentration,with the minimal soil oil concentration in 3.1-6.0 mm rhizosphere distance.

关 键 词：翅碱蓬 原油 根际 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]