高速公路隧道长大下坡路段驾驶员视错觉改善研究  

Rectification of Driver’s Visual Illusion on Long Steep Downgrade Section of Highway Tunnel

作　　者：杨理波 杜志刚[1] 孟爽[1] 余昕宇 向一鸣[2] YANG Li-bo;DUZhi-gang;MENG Shuang;YU Xin-yu;XIANG Yi-ming(School of Transportation,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063 ,China;Guizhou Transportation Planning Survey and Design Academe Co. Ltd. ,Guiyang 550000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学交通学院,武汉市430063 [2]贵州省交通规划勘察设计研究院股份有限公司,贵阳市550000

出　　处：《公路》2019年第3期169-175,共7页Highway

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目;项目编号51578433;武汉理工大学研究生优秀学位论文培育项目;项目编号2017-YS-015

摘　　要：为了改善高速公路隧道长大下坡路段驾驶员的坡度错觉和速度错觉,进一步提升隧道长大下坡路段的交通安全行车水平。首先,研究中提出通过低频大尺度反光环、中频中尺度倾斜反光条和高频小尺度猫眼道钉等视觉信息组合对隧道长大下坡路段不良的行车环境进行改善设计;其次,基于仿真驾驶模拟器和E-prime软件平台进行室内驾驶仿真模拟试验,并测取不同试验场景条件下被试的坡度判断准确率和主观等同速度。试验结果表明:在50%的开灯率水平下,在隧道侧壁布设倾斜反光条能有效提高驾驶员的坡度感知能力,其中,反光条的倾斜角度和布设间距对于驾驶员的坡度感知能力具有显著影响,高度对于坡度感知能力的影响不显著,且在高度为1.8m、倾斜角度60°和布设间距30m的条件下,驾驶员的坡度感知能力最佳,其坡度判断准确率为96.67%;同时,相比于单一中频中尺度反光条,通过增设低频大尺度反光环和高频小尺度猫眼道钉的改善方法,能够更有效地提高驾驶员的速度感知能力和降低反应时间,更有利于提高隧道长大下坡路段的行车安全水平。To improve the drivers’slope illusion and speed illusion on long and steep downgrade section of highway tunnel,and further enhance the traffic safety level on the long and steep downgrade road section,in the paper,a design method is firstly proposed which includes low-frequency large-scale reflective rings,medium-frequency meso-scale tilted reflective strip,and high-frequency small-scale road stud to improve the poor driving environment on long and steep downgrade section.Then the simulation experiments are carried out based on the driving simulator and E-prime software,and the accuracy rate of slope judgment and stimulation of subjectively equal speed(SSES)of the testers are measured in different test scenarios.The results show that tilted reflective strip on the side wall of the tunnel can effectively improve the driver’s slope perception ability at 50% of the light level,and the tilting angle and spacing of reflective strip have a significant impact on the driver’s slope perception ability,the height is not significant.The slope sensing ability of the combination method with height of 1.8 m,tilting angle of 60 degrees and spacing of 30 mis the best,and the accuracy rate of slope judgment is 96.67%.At the same time,compared with the single medium-frequency medium-scale reflective strip layout method,add lowfrequency and large-scale reflective ring and high-frequency small-scale road stud can more effectively improve the speed perception ability and reduce reaction time,which is more conducive to improve the safety level for long and steep downgrade section of highway tunnel.

关 键 词：隧道长大下坡路段 坡度错觉 速度错觉 坡度判断准确率 主观等同速度 

分 类 号：U491.5[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]