阴晴天条件下高CO_2浓度对杂交稻光合作用影响的FACE研究  

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO_2 concentration on photosynthsis of hybrid rice varieties in cloudy and sunny days: A FACE study

作　　者：景立权 户少武 卢琦 牛玺朝 王云霞[2] 朱建国[3] 王余龙[1] 杨连新[1] JING Li-quan;HU Shao-wu;LU Qi;NIU Xi-chao;WANG Yun-xia;ZHU Jian-guo;WANG Yu-long;YANG Lian-xin(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University,Yang-zhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225009 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2019年第3期884-892,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31701352;31671618;31471437;31571597;313715633);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究项目(17KJB210007);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)资助~~

摘　　要：光和二氧化碳(CO_2)是绿色植物光合作用的两个基本条件.为了明确不同光照条件下,高CO_2浓度对不同杂交水稻光合特性的影响,2017年利用稻田大型FACE平台,以‘Y两优900’和‘甬优538’为供试材料,设置环境CO_2和高CO_2浓度(增200μmol·mol^(-1))两个水平,分别在拔节期和灌浆期同时测定阴、晴天气条件下顶部全展叶光合特性参数.结果表明:高CO_2浓度使不同天气情况下两品种叶片的净同化率(P_n)均呈增加趋势,其中晴天条件下的增幅(31%)大于阴天(25%),拔节期的增幅(37%)大于灌浆期(21%),CO_2与天气、CO_2与生育期均存在显著的互作效应.叶片水分利用效率(WUE)对高CO_2浓度的响应趋势与P_n一致.高CO_2浓度环境下叶片气孔导度(g_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)均呈下降趋势,晴天条件下的降幅略大于阴天.与晴天相比,阴天条件下叶片P_n、g_s、T_r、WUE和L_s平均分别下降41%、18%、41%、26%和27%,差异均达显著或极显著水平.相关分析表明,晴天P_n、g_s、T_r均与阴天时的参数呈极显著正相关关系.表明阴天使水稻生育中、后期叶片光合参数及其对高CO_2浓度的响应均大幅降低,且两品种表现一致.评估未来水稻产量潜力需要考虑天气条件.Light and carbon dioxide (CO2) are two essential components for plant photosynthesis. To understand the effects of elevated CO2 concentration on photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid rice under different light conditions, two hybrid rice varieties (YLY900 and YY538) were grown in the field using a free-air CO2 enrichment facility (FACE) in 2017 with two CO2 concentration treatments (ambient CO2 and elevated 200 μmol·mol^-1 above ambient CO2), the photosynthesis traits of top full expansion leaves were measured in both sunny and cloudy days at jointing and grain filling stages. Elevated CO2 increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of two rice varieties. The increase in sunny days (31%) was greater than in cloudy days (21%), and the increase at jointing stage (37%) was greater than at grain filling stage (21%). There were significant interactions between CO2 with weather, and between CO2 with growth stage. Water use efficiency (WUE) of leaves in response to elevated CO2 showed the similar trend as Pn. Elevated CO2 decreased stomatal conduc-tance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), and the decreases in sunny days were greater than that in cloudy days. The Pn, gs, Tr, WUE and stomatal limit (Ls) measured in cloudy days were significantly lower than that measured in sunny days by 41%, 18%, 41%, 26% and 27%, respectively. Results from the correlation analyses showed that the Pn, gs, and Tr in sunny days were significantly positively correlated with the corresponding parameters in cloudy days. The results indicated that cloudy weather conditions reduced photosynthesis and its response to elevated CO2 of two hybrids rice varieties at middle and late growth stages. Therefore, weather variation should be considered when assess rice yield potential in the future environment.

关 键 词：杂交水稻 FACE(Free Air CO2 Enrichment) 二氧化碳 光合作用 天气条件 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]