罗马法中军人的法律地位  

The Legal Status of Soldiers in Roman Law

作　　者：张雪伟 ZHANG Xue-Wei(Central South University of Finance,Economics and Law,Wuhan,Hubei,430074)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2019年第1期67-77,共11页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

基　　金：司法部2016年中青年课题"古罗马社会律师职业史研究"(16SFB3008)

摘　　要：罗马法中军人的法律地位体现了罗马社会中军人群体的重要性。在罗马法中,军人的权利和义务与普通市民的不同之处主要体现在三个方面:其一是授予军人部分私法上的特权,如对其军营特有产的保护、立遗嘱之特权以及婚姻特权;其二是对军人权利进行特别的限制,这种限制主要体现在对军人的生产活动、结社权以及诉权的限制;其三是对军人制定了严格的军事刑法条款,即对军人犯罪行为进行严惩。通过对罗马法文本中的具体条文的分析,梳理军人在罗马法中的特殊权利与义务,有助于理解罗马法中军人的法律地位,并进一步揭示军人在罗马历史进程中的重要作用及其与罗马社会兴衰之间的关联。The legal status of soldiers in Roman law reflects the importance of the military community in Roman society. In Roman law, the differences between the rights and duties of soldiers and citizens are mainly reflected in three aspects: one is to grant soldiers some private privilege, such as the protection of their castrense peculium, the privilege of making wills and marriage;the second is the special restriction on the rights of soldiers. This restriction is mainly reflected in the restrictions on the production activities, association rights and appeal rights;the third is to impose strict military criminal law on soldiers, that is, the criminal acts of the soldiers are severely punished. Through the analysis of the specific provisions in the Roman law, combing the special rights and obligations of the soldiers in Roman law helps to understand the legal status of the Roman soldiers and reveals the important role of the soldiers in the historical process of Rome and the connection between the soldiers and the rise and fall of Rome.

关 键 词：罗马法 军人特权 军人权利限制 军事刑法 

分 类 号：D922.12[政治法律—军事法学]