中国加入《保护水下文化遗产公约》的方案探究——以《〈条例〉修订草案》和《公约》的比较与结合为视角  

Research on Measures of China's Accession to the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage——from the Perspective of Comparison and Combination between the Draft Revision to Regulation and the Convention

作　　者：黄伟[1,2] 南雁冰 HUANG Wei;NAN Yanbing(Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院 [2]武汉大学国家领土主权与海洋权益协同创新中心

出　　处：《边界与海洋研究》2019年第2期56-73,共18页Journal of Boundary and Ocean Studies

摘　　要：国际社会对《保护水下文化遗产公约》的接受日趋普遍。《〈中华人民共和国水下文物保护管理条例〉修订草案》,是中国为适应水下文物保护新形势所做的努力,也是中国为日后加入《保护水下文化遗产公约》提前做的法律准备。该草案增加了原址保护、严禁商业性打捞、设立水下历史文化遗址公园、建立联合执法巡查机制等新规定,在精神和制度上更加接近《公约》。不过,仍有不少改进空间。现阶段,中国可在尊重水下文化遗产保护实际的前提下,通过重塑保护模式、重新定义保护对象、完善保护制度和加强保护措施,推动《〈条例〉修订草案》向《公约》进一步靠拢。同时,还可从政策制定、政府引导、人才培养、资金储备和技术提升等方面做好准备,逐步建立从双多边合作,到区域化合作,最终形成国际社会普遍合作的保护管理机制。中国可在准备充分时择机加入《保护水下文化遗产公约》,在保护水下文化遗产的国际进程中发挥更大作用。Acceptance to the Convention by international community has become increasingly widespread. The Draft Revision to Regulation indicates the efforts China has made to meet the requirements in new situation and constitutes a part of legal preparations for China's accession to the Convention,which adds many fresh articles that correspond to the Convention much more in the spirits and institutions,such as the preservation in situ,banning commercially salvage,building underwater historical and cultural heritage park,establishing mechanisms for joint enforcement and patrol and so on. However,a great number of improvements need to be done. At the present stage,China is expected to promote the combination between the Regulation and the Convention,regarding the mode,the object,systems and measures,under the premise of respecting the actual conditions of protection of underwater cultural heritage. Meanwhile,China should make ample preparations on policy making,government guiding,personnel training,financial reservation and technology upgrading besides perfecting its legislation. Internationally,China ought to establish protection mechanisms for underwater cultural heritage through bilateral,multilateral,regional and worldwide cooperation progressively. China can choose to accede to the Convention when it is ready,and play a greater role in the international process of protecting underwater cultural heritage.

关 键 词：《保护水下文化遗产公约》 《〈中华人民共和国水下文物保护管理条例〉修订草案》 水下文化遗产 水下文化遗产保护 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]